Competition in this pair is now closed, and the winning entry has been announced. Discussion and feedback about the competition in this language pair may now be provided by visiting the "Discussion & feedback" page for this pair. Entries may also be individually discussed by clicking the "Discuss" link next to any listed entry. Source text in Spanish En el libro La sociedad de la transparencia (2012), el filósofo surcoreano Byung Chul Han parte otra vez de la metáfora panóptica de Michel Foucault para desarrollar el concepto del panóptico digital. Se refiere a una nueva visibilidad total que permite ver todo a través de los medios electrónicos, empezando por la intimidad de cada persona. Esto abarca las redes sociales y herramientas de Google –Earth, Maps, Glass y Street View– y YouTube.
La hiperconectada Corea del Sur tiene la velocidad de navegación por internet más rápida del mundo y es el laboratorio más osado de la sociedad de la transparencia, devenida en una especie de “tierra santa” del homo-digital, cuyo celular es una extensión de la mano desde la cual “explora” el mundo.
El control panóptico de la sociedad disciplinaria funcionaba a través de la perspectiva lineal de la mirada desde una torre central. Los reclusos no se veían entre sí –ni divisaban al vigilante– y hubieran preferido no ser observados para tener algo de libertad. En cambio el panóptico digital pierde su carácter perspectivista: en la matrix cibernética todos ven a los demás y se exponen para ser vistos. El punto único de control que tenía la mirada analógica desaparece: ahora se observa desde todos los ángulos. Pero el control continúa –de otra manera– y sería aún más efectivo. Porque cada persona entrega a las demás la posibilidad de que su intimidad sea vista, generando una vigilancia mutua. Esta visión total “degrada a la sociedad transparente hasta convertirla en una sociedad de control. Cada uno controla a cada uno”, escribió el filósofo.
(...) El ensayo La sociedad de la transparencia termina planteando que el mundo se desarrolla como un gran panóptico donde ningún muro separa el adentro del afuera. | The winning entry has been announced in this pair.There were 10 entries submitted in this pair during the submission phase, 4 of which were selected by peers to advance to the finals round. The winning entry was determined based on finals round voting by peers.
Competition in this pair is now closed. | In his book The Transparency Society (2012), South Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han once again uses Michel Foucault’s panopticon metaphor as a point of departure to expound on the concept of the digital panopticon. This term refers to the new, radical visibility that makes it possible to see everything through electronic means, beginning with individuals’ private lives. This encompasses everything from social networks to Google tools—Earth, Maps, Glass, and Street View—and YouTube. Hyperconnected South Korea boasts the world’s fastest Internet connections and is the most audacious laboratory of the transparency society, having transformed into a sort of “holy land” of Homo digitalus, who uses a cell phone as a hand extension with which to “explore” the world. Panoptical control of the disciplinary society functioned through the direct view of the gaze from a central tower. The occupants weren’t visible to one another, nor could they see the watchman, and they would have preferred not to be observed, in order to have some semblance of freedom. The digital panopticon, however, loses its perspectivist nature: In the cybernetic environment, everyone sees everyone else and people expose themselves to be seen. The analog gaze’s single control point has disappeared: Observation is now ubiquitous, from all angles. But the control continues—in a different form—and perhaps it is even more effective than before. Because each individual grants others the opportunity to see into his or her private life, the knowledge of which generates a sense of mutual vigilance. This comprehensive view “degrades the transparent society to the point of turning it into a society of control. Everyone controls everyone else,” the philosopher wrote. (…) The manifesto The Transparency Society ends by positing that the world is developing into a great panopticon in which no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24478 — Discuss 0 — Variant: USuseng
Laura Nagle (X)Estados Unidos Winner Voting points | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
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Entry | 3.56 | 3.65 (17 ratings) | 3.47 (17 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 5 "like" tags
- 3 users agreed with "likes" (3 total agrees)
- 2 users disagreed with "likes" (2 total disagrees)
once again uses | Flows well conveys sense of original | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| Flows well Good word choice! | axies | |
+1 Hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-2 2 uses a cell phone as a hand extension with which to “explore” the world. | Flows well | Sarah-Leah Pimentel | |
Everyone controls everyone else,” the philosopher wrote. | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 5 users entered 16 "dislike" tags
- 5 users agreed with "dislikes" (6 total agrees)
- 6 users disagreed with "dislikes" (16 total disagrees)
-3 +1 3 his | Mistranslations ''En el libro...'' Not clearly specified that this was ''his'' book | axies | |
-3 +1 1 The Transparency Society (2012) | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-2 2 n | Punctuation Omission of comma (,) | axies | |
-1 1 means | Spelling "media" is an accepted term in this context. | Simon Robinson | |
-2 +1 1 individuals’ private lives | Mistranslations Related but not exactly the same as ''intimacy'' personal relationship(s), | axies | |
Internet | Spelling Not normally treated as a proper noun requiring a capital | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 1 most audacious laboratory of the transparency society, | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of audacious. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies | |
and they would have | Syntax Style of writing is clumsy...and they would have... simpler and more correct to avoid conjunction all together. i.e. preferring not to be spotted by the... | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
expose | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 1 has disappeared | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies | |
-1 1 the knowledge | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies | |
+1 1 the knowledge of | Mistranslations [...] private life, generating a sense. . . | patyjs | |
(…) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| Mistranslations essay | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-2 1 The Transparency Society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
| The South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han, in the book `The Transparency Society` (2012), once again takes Michel Foucault’s Panopticon metaphor as the point of departure for conceptualising a Digital Panopticon. This term refers to a totally new visibility that allows everything to be seen through electronic means, beginning with the privacy of each person. This includes social networks and tools – Google Earth, Google Maps, Google Glass and YouTube. Hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest internet surfing speed in the world and is the most daring transparent society laboratory, becoming the “homo digitalis” species in a kind of “holy land” where the smartphone is an extension of the hand through which to “explore” the world. Panopticism and control in a disciplinary society operated through the gaze, a linear view or perspective extending from a central tower. The inmates did not see each other. Nor did they see the guard. And they would have preferred not to be observed in order to have some form of freedom. In contrast, digital panopticism loses this perspectivist character. In the cybernetic matrix, everyone sees each other and exposes themselves to be seen. That single point of control, the analogical gaze, disappears; now the gaze and observations come from all angles. But control continues, in a different way, one that would be even more effective. Mutual surveillance is generated because each person gives others the possibility to see into their private spaces. Such a total vision “degrades the transparent society until it becomes a society of control. Each one controls each other, ¨ writes the philosopher. […] The essay, ´The Transparency Society’ concludes by stating that the world is developing like a large Panopticon without wall that separate the inside from the outside. | Entry #24356 — Discuss 0 — Variant: UKukeng
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Entry | 3.59 | 3.50 (16 ratings) | 3.67 (15 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 3 "like" tags
- 2 users agreed with "likes" (2 total agrees)
+1 once again takes Michel Foucault’s Panopticon metaphor as the point of departure for conceptualising a Digital Panopticon | Flows well This, and the whole of this translation, flows very well, although there are a couple of "faux pas". | Peter Clews | |
daring transparent society laboratory | Good term selection Great word choice with "daring" though I would rearrange to say "laboratory for societal transparency/the transparent society" | AAEnglish No agrees/disagrees | |
- 4 users entered 10 "dislike" tags
- 6 users agreed with "dislikes" (11 total agrees)
- 2 users disagreed with "dislikes" (3 total disagrees)
+5 2 totally new | Mistranslations The term "total" in the original modifies "visibility," not "new." The meaning is that the 'new visibility' is 'comprehensive' or 'all-encompassing,' not that the visibility is 'totally new.' | scotteman | |
-1 +1 2 ws ev | Omission ...allows for... better imho | axies | |
exposes themselves | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
analogical | Other "analogous view" might be a better choice | AAEnglish No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 +1 1 gaze, disappears; | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies | |
-1 +1 1 see into their private spaces. | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies | |
| In his book The Transparency Society (2012), South Korean philosopher Byung-Chul Han once again builds on Michel Foucault's panopticon metaphor to develop the concept of a digital panopticon. This concerns a new type of all-encompassing visibility, which allows everything to be monitored electronically, beginning with the privacy of each individual. This includes social media networks and Google services: Earth, Maps, Glass, Street View, and Youtube. Hyperconnected South Korea is home to the world's fastest internet speeds and is the boldest testing ground for the transparency society, becoming some sort of "holy land" for the digitally dependent homo sapien, whose mobile phone is an extension of their own hand, used to "explore" the world. Panoptical control of disciplinary society worked by employing a linear viewing perspective from a central watchtower. The prisoners could not see into the tower - nor distinguish the watchman - and would have preferred not to be watched, in order to enjoy some sense of freedom. However, the digital panopticon loses its characteristic perspective: in the cyberspace matrix, everyone is able to see other people and everyone puts themselves on display for others to see them. The only element of control that analogue vision ever had disappears: now you are being surveilled from all angles. But control continues to exist - in another form - and it could be even more effective. Each person gives others some exposure to their privacy, creating mutual visibility. This all-encompassing visibility "degrades 'transparent society' into a [...] society of control: everyone controls everyone," wrote the philosopher. (...) The essay The Transparency Society ends with Han suggesting that the world is evolving, like a large-scale panopticon where no walls separate the inside from the outside. | Entry #24349 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Britishbritish
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Entry | 3.38 | 3.47 (17 ratings) | 3.29 (17 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 6 "like" tags
- 5 users agreed with "likes" (10 total agrees)
| Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 Hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
| Good term selection Fantastic word; conveys the invasive/inescapable notion very nicely | Richard Flight | |
- 4 users entered 20 "dislike" tags
- 7 users agreed with "dislikes" (17 total agrees)
- 4 users disagreed with "dislikes" (9 total disagrees)
-3 2 his | Mistranslations It is not clearly expressed in the original sentence that this is ''his'' book, or that BCH is the author inn question. | axies | |
+4 1 The Transparency Society (2012) | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 1 concerns | Mistranslations (v. es. abarcar) included; encompassed; went as far as... | axies | |
+3 3 the privacy of each individual | Spelling I would rather go with "individual privacy" | Sarah-Leah Pimentel | |
-1 1 is home to the world's fastest internet speeds | Mistranslations has the/claims to have the world's fastest internet browsing speed(s)... | axies | |
-1 +1 2 transparency society | Other It might be the title but: ''for the'' TS... sounds odd in English | axies | |
digitally dependent homo sapien | Syntax you could say it far more easily --> "holy land" for the digital-man. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel No agrees/disagrees | |
apien, | Spelling Final s missing. | philgoddard No agrees/disagrees | |
worked by employing a linear viewing perspective from a central watchtower | Syntax ...functioned by adopting a linear perspective from a central watch tower. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel No agrees/disagrees | |
+2 1 The prisoners could not see into the tower | Mistranslations ''Los reclusos no se veían entre sí...'' = The prisoners didn't/could not see one another/each other... | axies | |
-1 +1 2 puts themselves on display for others to see them | Other ...put on display... ''expose(s) themselves''? Yes they do; But; avail, volunteer, offer...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies | |
-1 1 The only element of control that analogue vision ever had disappears: now you are being surveilled from all angles. | Spelling ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies | |
+2 1 gives others some exposure to their privacy, creating mutual visibility. | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies | |
-1 1 everyone controls everyone, | Mistranslations Not as precise as the original | Jazz Williams (X) | |
(...) | Punctuation Strictly speaking, it should [...], correcting the error in the source text | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The Transparency Society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
is evolving | Mistranslations The source indicates 'develop' is more accurate (se desarrolla = is developing) | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| In the book, "The Transparency Society (2012)", the South Korean philosopher, Byung Chul, has again invoked Michel Foucalt’s panoptic metaphor to develop the concept of the digital panopticon. It refers to a new total visibility that allows everything to be seen through the electronic media, starting with the privacy of each person. This includes the social networks, Google Tools - Google Earth, Google Maps, Google Glass and Google Street View - and YouTube. Hyper-connected South Korea has the fastest Internet browsing speed in the world and is the most prominent laboratory of the transparency society, having been transformed into a sort of "holy land" of the homo digitalis, whose cell phone is an extension of his hand whereby "he explores" the world. Panoptical control of the disciplinary society functioned through the linear perspective of the gaze from a central tower. Inmates did not see each other - nor did they see the watchman - and they would have preferred not to be seen in order to have some freedom. On the other hand, the digital panopticon loses its perspectivist character: in the cybernetic matrix everyone sees one another and they expose themselves for attention. The single point of control of the analogical gaze disappears: now observation is done from all angles. But there is still control, albeit in a different form, and it would be even more effective, because each person conveys to the others the possibility that their private life may be visible, thus generating a mutual surveillance. According to the philosopher, this total surveillance "causes the transparency society to deteriorate into a society of control, whereby each person monitors the other". (...) The essay, "The Transparency Society", concludes by stating that the world is developing like a great Panopticon where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24355 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Not specifiednone
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Entry | 3.32 | 3.44 (16 ratings) | 3.19 (16 ratings) |
- 4 users entered 11 "like" tags
- 5 users agreed with "likes" (10 total agrees)
- 2 users disagreed with "likes" (3 total disagrees)
-1 +1 1 "The Transparency Society (2012)" | Other Use of inverted commas to demarcate title. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-1 1 , | Flows well ''Comma'' added correctly, even though it doesn't appear in original text. | axies | |
-1 +3 2 It refers to a new total visibility that allows everything to be seen through the electronic media, starting with the privacy of each person. | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 Hyper-connected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
homo digitalis, | Good term selection I like the word play on homo-digital as a species. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel No agrees/disagrees | |
+3 Panoptical control of the disciplinary society functioned through the linear perspective of the gaze from a central tower | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 the digital panopticon loses its perspectivist character | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 The single point of control of the analogical gaze disappears | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) | |
private life | Good term selection | Erica McLay No agrees/disagrees | |
the world is developing like a great Panopticon where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Panopticon | Good term selection Yes, should be capitalised. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 7 users entered 24 "dislike" tags
- 9 users agreed with "dislikes" (24 total agrees)
- 7 users disagreed with "dislikes" (14 total disagrees)
, | Punctuation The comma implies that there is only one South Korean philosopher. | philgoddard No agrees/disagrees | |
| Spelling Part of the author's name has been omitted. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
l | Omission Omission of the writer's full name | Erica McLay No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 1 has again invoked | Mistranslations 'has once again' reflects the repeated act more naturally and accurately | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+4 1 Foucalt’s | Spelling Incorrect spelling of a key theorist in the field | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-1 1 digital panopticon | Other 'large' might be better choice of term and clearer in conveying size | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+2 1 the | Other It feels extraneous. The sentence makes sense without the article. | Candace Barr | |
-2 +1 1 privacy | Mistranslations intimacy | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-2 +2 2 includes the social networks, Google Tools | Omission The original speaks of redes sociales Y herramientas de Google, so this aspect of the translation is inaccurate due to omitting 'and' | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-3 +1 2 Internet | Spelling English does not tend to capitalise as Spanish may do | Jazz Williams (X) | |
prominent laboratory of the transparency society, | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of prominent. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
the | Other There should not be a definite article. | philgoddard No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 +1 1 cell phone | Other smartphone seems like a better fit and better refers to cell phones as we know them today | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+2 1 gaze | Other Word choice. A gaze is a passive and often not a negative thing. Here the author is trying to convey someone who is being watched. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel | |
| Mistranslations I think 'guard' is more commonly used in the context of the theory. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-2 2 expose themselves | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies | |
+3 1 is done from all angles | Syntax 'comes from all angles' sounds more natural, perhaps. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-1 +1 1 conveys to the others the possibility that their private life may be visible, thus generating a mutual surveillance. | Mistranslations | axies | |
+1 According to the philosopher, this total surveillance "causes the transparency society to deteriorate into a society of control, whereby each person monitors the other". | Mistranslations Does not adequately reflect original: Esta visión total “degrada a la sociedad transparente hasta convertirla en una sociedad de control. Cada uno controla a cada uno”, escribió el filósofo. The quote is firmly associated with the philosopher having written it. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-1 1 (...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
The Transparency Society" | Other Shouldn't repeat the title, and it has gone from being a book to an essay. | philgoddard No agrees/disagrees | |
great | Other 'large´would be preferable here, clearer in conveying size...a less literal translation of the text | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| Non-finalist entries The following entries were not selected by peers to advance to finals-round voting. In the book The transparency society (2012), South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han sets off again from Michel Foucault's panoptic metaphor to develop the concept of the digital panoptic. It refers to a new complete visibility that allows to see everything through electronic media, starting with the privacy of every person. This encompasses social networks and Google tools -Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View-, and YouTube. The hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest internet speed in the world and it's the boldest laboratory of the transparency society, transformed into a kind of "Holy Land" of the homo-digital, whose cell phone is an extension of the hand from which he "explores" the world. The panoptic control of the disciplinary society used to work through the linear perspective of sight from a central tower. The prisoners did not see each other -nor the guard- and would have preferred to not be observed so as to have some freedom. However, the digital panoptic loses its perspective character: in the cybernetic matrix everyone sees everyone else and exposes themselves to be seen. The only control point that the analogue sight had disappears: now everything can be seen from all angles. But the control continues -in another way- and would be even more effective. Because every person gives everyone else the possibility of seeing their privacy, generating a mutual vigilance. This complete vision "degrades the transparency society turning it into a society of control. Everyone controls each other", wrote the philosopher. (...) The essay of The transparent society ends considering that the world develops like a great panoptic where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24434 — Discuss 0 — Variant: USuseng
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Entry | 3.21 | 3.06 (17 ratings) | 3.35 (17 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 6 "like" tags
- 2 users agreed with "likes" (3 total agrees)
privacy of every person | Flows well ''intimacy'' personal relationship(s); only choice | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
| Flows well Good word choice! | axies | |
hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 he prisoners did not see each other -nor the guard- and would have preferred to not be observed so as to have some freedom. | Flows well | Erica McLay | |
+1 in the cybernetic matrix everyone sees everyone else and exposes themselves to be seen | Flows well | Jazz Williams (X) | |
Everyone controls each other", wrote the philosopher. | Good term selection And flows | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 4 users entered 17 "dislike" tags
- 5 users agreed with "dislikes" (10 total agrees)
- 1 user disagreed with "dislikes" (1 total disagree)
+3 The transparency society | Other Wording of title requires use of capitalisation | Jazz Williams (X) | |
The transparency society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed when title cannot be written in italics | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
n | Punctuation Omission of comma | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 1 sets off again from | Syntax | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+1 that allows to see everything through electronic media | Syntax sounds like a translation. Would have translated it as "a new kind of total visibility where everything can be seen by electronic means" | Sarah-Leah Pimentel | |
privacy | Mistranslations intimacy | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The | Grammar errors Article not required here. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| Spelling ...fastest ''browsing'' internet speed (missing ''navegación'') | axies | |
| Grammar errors is, because you already have South Korea as your subject. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel | |
| Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies | |
analogue sight had disappears | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
| Other Awkward. Perhaps "seeing into their private lives," or "observing their most intimate moments"? | scotteman | |
(...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
of | Grammar errors Inappropriate use of preposition - not natural English. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The transparent society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. Also, the title should be capitalised. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
the world develops like a great panoptic | Mistranslations Misunderstanding of the source text 'se desarolla' (is developing) | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| In his book The Transparency Society (2012), South Korean-born German philosopher Byung-Chul Han uses Michel Foucault’s metaphor of the Panopticon to develop his concept of the Digital Panopticon. This concept refers to an emerging digital visibility in which everything is able be seen through electronic means, including all aspects of our private lives. This visibility is created by ubiquitous use of social networks and applications such as Google Earth, Maps, Glass, Street View and YouTube. Hyperconnected South Korea enjoys the world’s fastest Internet speeds, a condition which, according to Byung-Chul, creates a radical laboratory for social transparency, a kind of ‘holy land’ for homo-digitalis, whose cell phone is an extension of the hand used to explore the world. The original concept of the Panopticon was developed as an instrument of disciplinary surveillance and control established through the creation of linear visual perspectives over all subjects – or prisoners – from the point of a centralised tower. Able to see neither their fellow prisoners nor their jailers, captives lost all freedom and privacy to the all-seeing gaze of the Panopticon. The Digital Panopticon, in contrast, eschews this hierarchical structure in favour of a cybernetic matrix in which all elements are visible to each other. The single point of control of the analogue model thus gives way to observation from all angles. This makes the imposition of control even more effective, with every person ceding their privacy to others and thus creating universal mutual surveillance. “Such total surveillance”, writes the philosopher, “degrades ‘transparent society’ into an inhuman society of control: everyone controls everyone”. (...) He ends his essay The Transparency Society by stating that the world is becoming one global Panopticon in which “no wall separates inside from outside”, surrendering our privacy to outside scrutiny. | Entry #24433 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Not specifiednone
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Entry | 3.15 | 3.36 (14 ratings) | 2.93 (14 ratings) |
- 1 user entered 8 "like" tags
- 2 users agreed with "likes" (2 total agrees)
- 1 user disagreed with "likes" (1 total disagree)
-1 +2 2 South Korean-born German philosopher Byung-Chul Han uses Michel Foucault’s metaphor of the Panopticon to develop his concept of the Digital Panopticon. | Flows well Correct capitalisation of terms, too | Jazz Williams (X) | |
metaphor of the Panopticon | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
applications | Good term selection reads better than 'tools' and 'application' is generally overtaking 'tools' in the sense of ICT | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
homo-digitalis | Good term selection Term used as original intended | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Panopticon | Good term selection Correctly use of capital letter | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Panopticon | Good term selection Again, correct use of capitalisation. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Digital Panopticon | Good term selection As before, correct use of capital letters for the term within context of text | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 4 users entered 20 "dislike" tags
- 1 user agreed with "dislikes" (1 total agree)
- 1 user disagreed with "dislikes" (1 total disagree)
his | Mistranslations It is not clear in the original sentence that this is ''his'' book, or that BCH is the author inn question. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
book | Punctuation Comma after 'book' could have been used rather than copying original punctuation of text | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The Transparency Society (2012) | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
uses | Mistranslations misses the sense of 'returning to' the notion | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 This concept refers to an emerging digital visibility in which everything is able be seen through electronic means, including all aspects of our private lives. | Mistranslations Too unfaithful to the original. A manipulation that isn't faithful to text. The idea ´digital´has replaced 'a new total visibility' and the originals conveys it starts with the privacy of each person. This translation misinterprets and says 'including all aspects of our private lives'. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
et s | Omission ...internet browsing/surfing speed(s); missing ''es. navegación'' | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
a condition which, according to Byung-Chul, | Mistranslations Odd translation for: ...y es el laboratorio más osado de la sociedad de la transparencia. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
creates a radical laboratory for social transparency | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of radical. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
eschews this hierarchical structure in favour of a cybernetic matrix in which all elements are visible to each other. | Mistranslations Couldn't find this one in the original text. It is just too complex to relate to phrase/sentence. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 1 analogue model thus gives way to observation from all angles. | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies | |
This makes the imposition of control even more effective, with every person ceding th | Mistranslations Lost in translation! Missing is: ahora se observa desde todos los ángulos. Pero el control continúa –de otra manera | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
inhuman | Mistranslations original does not include this term, though it may be infered | Leticia Worley No agrees/disagrees | |
everyone controls everyone | Mistranslations Appears a little too imprecise against original | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
(...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
He ends his essay The Transparency Society by stating | Mistranslations Change in point of view introduced. Original text only refers to the essay, not author. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The Transparency Society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
global | Mistranslations 'gran' does not equate to 'global' | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
“no wall separates inside from outside” | Other This is not a quote in the original, it simply forms part of the conclusion | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
surrendering our privacy to outside scrutiny. | Mistranslations It manipulates the final paragraph needlessly and therefore doesn't accurately or concisely convey original meaning and sense in the Spanish text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| In the book The Transparency Society (2012), the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han goes back once again to Michel Foucault’s panoptic metaphor to develop the concept of the digital panopticon. He refers to a new total visibility that allows us to see everything through electronic means, starting with the intimacy of each person. This covers the social networks and Google tools –Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View– and YouTube. Hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest Internet speed in the world and is the boldest laboratory of the transparency society, having become a sort of “holy land” of digital man, whose mobile is an extension of the hand, through which he “explores” the world. The panopticon of the disciplinary society operated through the lineal perspective of looking from a central tower. The inmates could not see each other, nor could they see the guard, and would have preferred not to be observed in order to have some freedom. In exchange, the digital panoptic loses its perspectivist character: in the cybernetic matrix, everyone can see the others and exposes himself to be seen. The only control point held by the analogue overview disappears: now it is observed from all angles. But the control continues, in another way, and would be even more effective. Because every person enables the others to have an intimate look at him, thus generating mutual vigilance. This total vision “degrades the transparent society until it is converted into a controlled society. Everyone controls everyone”, wrote the philosopher. (...) The essay The Transparency Society ends by suggesting that the world is developing like a giant panopticon where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24413 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Not specifiednone
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Entry | 3.09 | 3.17 (18 ratings) | 3.00 (18 ratings) |
- 2 users entered 2 "like" tags
- 2 users agreed with "likes" (3 total agrees)
+1 1 intimacy of each person. | Flows well ''intimacy'' re: personal relationship(s) is the word | axies | |
+2 1 Hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
- 3 users entered 15 "dislike" tags
- 5 users agreed with "dislikes" (8 total agrees)
- 2 users disagreed with "dislikes" (5 total disagrees)
-1 +1 1 The Transparency Society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given there is no option to italicise | Jazz Williams (X) | |
| Punctuation Omission of comma (,) | axies | |
-1 +3 2 goes back once again | Syntax An awkward rendering of the original: 'once again returns to' would have been better. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
st I | Omission ...fastest ''browsing'' internet speed (missing ''navegación'') | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
boldest laboratory of the transparency society | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of boldest. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
of | Grammar errors preposition is incorrect: should be ´for' | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
+2 2 looking | Other 'Looking' is too generic. I think 'observation' would more precisely convey the meaning and would sound more natural in English. Others have indicated the term 'gaze' is key to Focault's concept and should be used in this context. | scotteman | |
+1 1 panoptic | Spelling | Jazz Williams (X) | |
exposes | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
exposes himself | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
himself | Spelling himself/herself to be fair; otherwise themselves, but entire sentence needs to be reworked | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 1 analogue overview disappears | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies | |
-1 1 enables the others to have an intimate look at him, thus generating mutual vigilance. | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies | |
-1 1 Everyone controls everyone” | Mistranslations Imprecise. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
(...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| In the book, The Society of Transparency (2012), the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han uses again as a springboard Michel Foucault's Panopticon metaphor to develop the concept of the Cyber-Panopticon. It refers to a new and all-encompassing visibility which begins with revealing each person's intimacy and is achieved through the digital media. This includes Google's social networks and tools -Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View- and YouTube. The hyper-connected South Korea has the world's fastest internet speed and is the most daring laboratory of the transparency society, having become a kind of sacred land of the digital age man, whose cell phone is an extension of his hand, through and from which he "explores" the world. The disciplinary society's principle of control worked through surveillance, from a central command tower, having a linear perspective. The inmates could not see one another - they could but glimpse the guard - and would have preferred not to be seen, to preserve some vestige of freedom. In contrast, the Cyber-Panopticon loses this uniquely linear perspective: within this cyber-matrix each one sees the other and avail themselves to being seen. The single point of control that characterized the analog sight disappears: now the surveillance happens from all angles. Nevertheless, the control is being perpetuated - in a different manner - perhaps more effective. Because each person hands to others the right to see into their own private life, a mutual surveillance takes hold. This all-encompassing visibility degrades the transparent society, causing it to morph into one based on control. As the philosopher wrote "each one controls the other". (...) The Society of Transparency essay corollary states that society is devolving into a Panopticon, albeit lacking any substantive separator between inside and outside. | Entry #24479 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Not specifiednone
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Entry | 2.90 | 3.20 (10 ratings) | 2.60 (10 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 5 "like" tags
hyper-connected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
avail themselves | Flows well Good alternative to ''expose(s) themselves''; avail, volunteer, offer...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
"each one controls the other". | Good term selection Conveys message of original | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 3 users entered 18 "dislike" tags
- 1 user agreed with "dislikes" (1 total agree)
- 1 user disagreed with "dislikes" (2 total disagrees)
The Society of Transparency | Punctuation Inverted commas needed around title given it was not possible to italicise | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
n | Punctuation Omission of comma (,) | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
uses again as a springboard | Spelling once again starts off/ with/ by; ''bounces off'' for Springboard; therefore not the most appropriate word. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 +1 1 Cyber-Panopticon. | Mistranslations Digital Panopticon is more faithful to the original. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
which begins with revealing each person's intimacy and is achieved through the digital media. | Mistranslations ...that allows/that permits to see/analyse everything through… | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
The | Grammar errors Incorrect use of article here. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
t s | Mistranslations Missing is: '' es.navegación'': browsing; for fast connectivity for example. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
daring laboratory of the transparency society, | Syntax challenging instead of daring. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transprent/open to transparency society. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
an extension of his hand, through and from which he "explores" the world. | Mistranslations original only mentions ´from which´and not ´through and from´as is suggested by the translation. An additional idea has been added affecting meaning. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
they could but glimpse the guard | Mistranslations ''...ni divisaban al vigilante...'' nor they could spot/ see the watchman/guard | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
to preserve some vestige of freedom | Mistranslations ...for the sake of gaining/obtaining some freedom | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
Cyber-Panopticon | Mistranslations digital panopticon is more faithful to the original text | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
analog sight disappears | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
a mutual surveillance takes hold | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
(...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The Society of Transparency | Punctuation Missing inverted commas. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 1 corollary | Other Unsure of why this word has been inserted | Jazz Williams (X) | |
| In the book “La Sociedad de la Transparencia (2012)”, the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han starts off again with the panoptical metaphor by Michel Foucault to develop the concept of the digital panopticon. He talks about a new absolute visibility that allows you to view everything through the electronic media, beginning with the intimacy of each person. This involves social networks and Google tools - Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View- and YouTube. The hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest browsing speed in the world and is the most daring laboratory of the society of transparency, evolved into a kind of "holy land" of Homo Digitalis, whose cell phones are hand extensions from where they can "explore" the world. The panoptical control of the disciplinary society functioned through a linear perspective from a gaze in a central tower. The prisoners did not see each other - nor did they see the watchman- and would have preferred not to be observed to have some freedom. On the other hand, the digital panopticon loses its perspectivist character: in the cyber matrix everyone observes others and others expose themselves to be seen. The single point of control that the analogue outlook had, disappeared: now, it can be viewed from all angles. However, the control continues in a different way - and it would be even more effective. Because each person grants others the insight of their privacy, creating a mutual awareness. This whole vision "degrades the transparency society into a society of control. Each person controls another one", wrote the philosopher. (...) The essay of the “La Sociedad de la Transparencia” ends up arguing that the world develops as a great panopticon where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24416 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Not specifiednone
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Entry | 2.83 | 2.86 (14 ratings) | 2.79 (14 ratings) |
- 3 users entered 6 "like" tags
- 1 user agreed with "likes" (1 total agree)
- 3 users disagreed with "likes" (3 total disagrees)
intimacy | Flows well yes; ''intimacy'' personal relationship(s) | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
The hyperconnected South Korea | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
-2 1 gaze | Good term selection This notion of 'gaze' is key when talking about Foucault's ideas and developments of them. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
The prisoners did not see each other - nor did they see the watchman- and would have preferred not to be observed to have some freedom. | Flows well | Erica McLay No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 the digital panopticon loses its perspectivist characte | Good term selection | Jazz Williams (X) | |
-1 Each person controls another one | Good term selection Gets to the sense of the original. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
- 5 users entered 22 "dislike" tags
- 2 users agreed with "dislikes" (2 total agrees)
- 1 user disagreed with "dislikes" (1 total disagree)
+1 “La Sociedad de la Transparencia (2012)”, | Other The book is available in English therefore the title should have been translated. | Jazz Williams (X) | |
n | Punctuation comma (,) is missing in original text. It should appear in target IMHO | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
-1 1 starts off again with | Mistranslations | Jazz Williams (X) | |
He talks about | Mistranslations It relates to; it refers to; it alludes to. (verb ''se referire'' reflexive) | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
involves | Grammar errors (v. es. abarcar) included; encompassed; went as far as... | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
The | Grammar errors No need for article | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
the fastest browsing speed | Omission word missing: internet | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
daring laboratory of the society of transparency, | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of daring. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
from | Grammar errors ´with a gaze from a central...' | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
a | Punctuation comma (,) | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
expose themselves | Other ...reveal themselves, for a better word | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
nalogue outlook had, disappeared | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
Because | Spelling Not a good idea to begin an academic text with "because" -- Rather reformulate or merge with previous sentence. | Sarah-Leah Pimentel No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 creating a mutual awareness. | Mistranslations Weak. Needs some creative thinking. I.e. Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies | |
Each person controls another one", wrote the philosopher. | Mistranslations It's not that each person has one other person to control but rather that each person is controlled by everyone else. | Candace Barr No agrees/disagrees | |
(...) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
of the | Grammar errors Incorrect use of preposition and article suggested literal translation or the translator is not native. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
“La Sociedad de la Transparencia” | Other Should be translated into English. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
| In the book, The Transparency Society (2012), the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han picks up from Michel Foucault’s panoptic metaphor to develop the digital Big Brother concept. This refers to a new holistic visibility which allows you to see everything through electronic means, starting with each individual’s privacy. This includes social media and Google tools – Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View – and YouTube. The overconnected South Korea has the fastest internet connection speed in the world and is the most daring transparency society experiment, turned into a kind of homo-digital “holy land”, where a mobile phone is an extension of your hand which lets you “explore” the world. The holistic monitoring of the disciplinary society worked from a linear perspective from a central watchtower. The inmates did not see each other – they did not see the guard – and they would have preferred not to be watched in order to have some freedom. On the other hand, the digital nanny state loses its character perspective: in the cybernetic matrix everyone sees each other and allows themselves to be seen. The singular monitoring point from analogue days has disappeared: now we’re watched from all angles. But monitoring continues, in a different way, and would be even more effective. This is because each individual lets others into their private lives, creating mutual monitoring. This holistic view “erodes the transparent society until it becomes a surveillance society. Everyone watches everyone,” wrote the philosopher. (…) The Transparency Society essay concludes by stating that the world is developing as a huge Big Brother state where no wall separates the inside from the outside. | Entry #24421 — Discuss 0 — Variant: Britishbritish
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Entry | 2.15 | 2.29 (7 ratings) | 2.00 (7 ratings) |
- 2 users entered 2 "like" tags
individual’s privacy. | | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
This includes social media and Google tools – Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View – and YouTube. | Flows well Accurate and clear | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
- 2 users entered 23 "dislike" tags
- 2 users agreed with "dislikes" (3 total agrees)
The Transparency Society (2012) | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
n | Punctuation Omission of comma (,) | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
+1 1 picks up from | Syntax | Jazz Williams (X) | |
+2 1 to develop the digital Big Brother concept | Mistranslations Gross mistranslation. If you research Foucault, even briefly via Google, you will soon see that his concepts should not be mixed up with those popularised by George Orwell in "1984) | Jazz Williams (X) | |
holistic | Other inappropriate translation of original | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
privacy | Mistranslations ''intimacy'' personal relationship(s) among people, Link: http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=intimidad | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
The overconnected South Korea | Grammar errors No need for article at start of the sentence. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
overconnected | Mistranslations 'hyperconnected' - exists in Spanish and English as cognates | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
connection | Mistranslations ...internet browsing/surfing speed(s) ''es. navegación'' | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
most daring transparency society experiment | Mistranslations Challenging, instead of daring. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
daring | Other Challenging, instead of daring. And ''transparency society'' somehow doesn't sound the same as in the original text -''la sociedad de la transparencia'' a transparent/open to transparency society | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
a mobile phone is an extension of your hand | Mistranslations This is referring to the homo-digital rather than the holy land | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
a linear perspective from a central watchtower. | Other The notion of ´gaze' is a key term associated with the theories described. With research about the text, you would have been able to apply it in the translation. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
digital nanny state loses its character perspective | Mistranslations el panóptico digital is not a ´digital nanny state' so a key term has not been understood between the theorist responsible for the book and the ideas of Foucault that came before. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
allows | Spelling Allow themselves as in: they allow themselves to be seen | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
analogue days has disappeared | Mistranslations ...analogous vision is gone/ ceases to exist/fades away. This ''desaparece'' seems stronger in meaning than ''disappear'' in English. Most probably we need to add something like ‘’disappears from site ‘disappears altogether’’ an so on for this sentence to make sense in English. | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
and would be even more effective. | | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
mutual monitoring. | Mistranslations Because, each person entrusts others with the probability that their intimate lives will be seen, thus keeping an watchful eye on each other | axies No agrees/disagrees | |
holistic view | Other Inappropriate choice of vocabulary - holistic has positive connotations. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
Everyone watches everyone | Mistranslations The text mentions 'control of one by the other' so the use of 'watch' in this translation perhaps isn't very accurate. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
(…) | Punctuation Incorrect use for omitted text. Should be [...] as in the source text. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
The Transparency Society | Punctuation Inverted commas needed to demarcate title given it could not be typed in italics. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
the world is developing as a huge Big Brother state | Mistranslations Big Brother state is not an appropriate term: the focus is on a large Panopticon. | Jazz Williams (X) No agrees/disagrees | |
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