The South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han, in the book `The Transparency Society` (2012), once again takes Michel Foucault’s Panopticon metaphor as the point of departure for conceptualising a Digital Panopticon. This term refers to a totally new visibility that allows everything to be seen through electronic means, beginning with the privacy of each person. This includes social networks and tools – Google Earth, Google Maps, Google Glass and YouTube.
Hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest internet surfing speed in the world and is the most daring transparent society laboratory, becoming the “homo digitalis” species in a kind of “holy land” where the smartphone is an extension of the hand through which to “explore” the world.
Panopticism and control in a disciplinary society operated through the gaze, a linear view or perspective extending from a central tower. The inmates did not see each other. Nor did they see the guard. And they would have preferred not to be observed in order to have some form of freedom. In contrast, digital panopticism loses this perspectivist character. In the cybernetic matrix, everyone sees each other and exposes themselves to be seen. That single point of control, the analogical gaze, disappears; now the gaze and observations come from all angles. But control continues, in a different way, one that would be even more effective. Mutual surveillance is generated because each person gives others the possibility to see into their private spaces. Such a total vision “degrades the transparent society until it becomes a society of control. Each one controls each other, ¨ writes the philosopher.
[…] The essay, ´The Transparency Society’ concludes by stating that the world is developing like a large Panopticon without wall that separate the inside from the outside.