In the book, The Transparency Society (2012), the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han picks up from Michel Foucault’s panoptic metaphor to develop the digital Big Brother concept. This refers to a new holistic visibility which allows you to see everything through electronic means, starting with each individual’s privacy. This includes social media and Google tools – Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View – and YouTube.
The overconnected South Korea has the fastest internet connection speed in the world and is the most daring transparency society experiment, turned into a kind of homo-digital “holy land”, where a mobile phone is an extension of your hand which lets you “explore” the world.
The holistic monitoring of the disciplinary society worked from a linear perspective from a central watchtower. The inmates did not see each other – they did not see the guard – and they would have preferred not to be watched in order to have some freedom. On the other hand, the digital nanny state loses its character perspective: in the cybernetic matrix everyone sees each other and allows themselves to be seen. The singular monitoring point from analogue days has disappeared: now we’re watched from all angles. But monitoring continues, in a different way, and would be even more effective. This is because each individual lets others into their private lives, creating mutual monitoring. This holistic view “erodes the transparent society until it becomes a surveillance society. Everyone watches everyone,” wrote the philosopher.
(…) The Transparency Society essay concludes by stating that the world is developing as a huge Big Brother state where no wall separates the inside from the outside.