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serbio al inglés: The Batic Guild General field: Arte/Literatura
Texto de origen - serbio Istorija batika
Dokazi o prvim primerima batika pronađeni su na dalekom Istoku, Srednjem istoku, Centralnoj Aziji i Indiji pre više od 2000 godina. Očigledno je da su se ove oblasti razvijale nezavisno, bez uticaja trgovine i kulturnih razmena.
Ipak, vrlo je verovatno da se veština proširila iz Azije na ostrva Malajskog arhipelaga i ka zapadu na Srednji istok karavanskim rutama. Batik je praktikovan u Kini čak i u vreme Sui dinastije (581-618). Radio se na svili, a otkriven je i u Nara, u Japanu, pa se čak pripisuje i Nara periodu (710-794). Veruje se da su se ovime bavili kineski umetnici. Oni su dekorisali drvećem, životinjama, sviračima flaute, scenama lova i stilizovanim planinama.
U Indiji nisu pronađeni dokazi za postojanje batika na pamuku, ali freske u Ajunta pećinama oslikavaju šalove i odevne predmete koji su možda deo batika. Na ostrvima Java i Bali ruševine hrama sadrže figure čiji odevni predmeti u velikoj meri podsećaju na batik. Postoji dokaz da se do 1677. godine dosta izvozilo, uglavnom kada je u pitanju svila, iz Kine na Javu, Sumatru, u Persiju i Hindustan. U Egiptu su se mogle naći tkanine sa belim šarama na plavoj podlozi koje datiraju iz V veka nove ere. One su rađene u Egiptu, moguće i u Siriji. U Centralnoj Africi je bojenje korišćenjem manioka i pirinčane paste postojalo vekovima kod plemena Joruba u južnoj Nigeriji i Senegalu.
Indonezija, tačnije ostrvo Java, je oblast u kojoj se batik najviše razvio. Od 1835. godine su u Holandiju počeli da dolaze indonežanski umetnici da bi preneli svoje znanje holandskim stražarima u fabrikama. Švajcarska je ranih 1940-ih godina počela da proizvodi imitacije batika. Oblik štampanja sa blokovima voska razvijen je na Javi korišćenjem utiskivača.
Nemci su do početka 1900. godine već razvili masovnu proizvodnju batika. Danas ima mnogo primera ovog oblika batika, kao i ručnih radova u mnogim delovima sveta. U novije vreme dolazi i do kompjuterizacije batik tehnike.
Traducción - inglés History of Batic
Evidence of early examples of batik have been found in the Far East, Middle East, Central Asia and India from over 2000 years ago. It is conceivable that these areas developed independently, without the influence from trade or cultural exchanges. However, it is more likely that the craft spread from Asia to the islands of the Malay Archipelago and west to the Middle East through the caravan route. Batik was practised in China as early as the Sui Dynasty (AD 581-618). These were silk batiks and these have also been discovered in Nara, Japan in the form of screens and ascribed to the Nara period (AD 710-794). It is probable that these were made by Chinese artists. They are decorated with trees, animals, flute players, hunting scenes and stylised mountains.
No evidence of very old cotton batiks have been found in India but frescoes in the Ajunta caves depict head wraps and garments which could well have been batiks. In Java and Bali temple ruins contain figures whose garments are patterned in a manner suggestive of batik. By 1677 there is evidence of a considerable export trade, mostly on silk from China to Java, Sumatra, Persia and Hindustan. In Egypt linen and occasionally woollen fabrics have been excavated bearing white patterns on a blue ground and are the oldest known and date from the 5th century A.D. They were made in Egypt, possibly Syria. In central Africa resist dyeing using cassava and rice paste has existed for centuries in the Yoruba tribe of Southern Nigeria and Senegal.
Indonesia, most particularly the island of Java, is the area where batik has reached the greatest peak of accomplishment. The Dutch brought Indonesian craftsmen to teach the craft to Dutch warders in several factories in Holland from 1835. The Swiss produced imitation batik in the early 1940s. A wax block form of printing was developed in Java using a cap.
By the early 1900s the Germans had developed mass production of batiks. There are many examples of this form of batik as well as hand-produced work in many parts of the world today. Computerization of batik techniques is a very recent development.
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Formación en el ámbito de la traducción
Bachelor's degree - Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade
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Años de experiencia: 26 Registrado en ProZ.com: Mar 2008
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Palabras clave: spanish, english, serbian, translation, espanol, ingles, serbio, traduccion, srpski, spanski. See more.spanish, english, serbian, translation, espanol, ingles, serbio, traduccion, srpski, spanski, engleski, prevod, proofreading, English to Serbian translator, Spanish to Serbian translator. See less.
