I think this would be a better idea than the calque "brotherhood of glory", which really won't mean anything to a reader. I would be inclined to keep the original term and add this in parentheses. It's in line with the sources Noni has cited; the "hermandades de gloria" are those that are not "penitenciales".

Here's one source in support:

"In Spanish, the non-penitential confraternities are referred to as cofrades [sic] de gloria"
Jessica A. Boon, The Mystical Science of the Soul: Medieval Cognition in Bernardino de Laredo's Recollection Method, p. 207, n. 128.
http://books.google.es/books?id=1IsfJgSWqmoC&pg=PA207&lpg=PA...

Personally I usually translate "hermandad" or "cofradía" (they're the same thing) as "confraternity", but many people use "brotherhood", and I think either is OK.

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Note added at 2 hrs (2013-04-23 19:33:56 GMT)
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Here's another idea, though I'm not sure I would use it here. It's from an article by William Callahan called "Confraternities and Brotherhoods in Spain, 1500-1800", p. 24

"In Seville, the austere penitential confraternities of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries gave way after 1570 to the "baroque confraternity" in which simplicity yielded to splendor manifested in the construction of costly statues for Holy Week processions and a variety of social activities "not in accord with the contemplation and imitation of the Passion of Christ."
http://archive.org/stream/confraternitasne12soci/confraterni...

By the way, this article consistently uses "confraternities" for "cofradías" and "brotherhoods" for "hermandades". I'm not sure whether that's essential, but you might as well go with "brotherhoods" here.