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Portuguese to English: Revision of Scientific Paper in English General field: Science Detailed field: Zoology
Source text - Portuguese Ponerinae is one of the 16 subfamilies that currently compound the family Formicidae. This
subfamily is composed by two tribes, of worldwide distribution, Platythyreini: 38 extant species
in the monotypic genus Platythyrea; and Ponerini: about 1200 extant species into 47 genera.
The Neotropical fauna of Ponerinae is represented by approximately 330 species into 17 genera.
Between the neotropical genera of Ponerinae, Neoponera has a New World distribution from
South of USA to Argentina. Neoponera is a relatively large genus, with 57 valid species names,
which 34 are recorded from Brazil.
The rare and low abundant species N. magnifica was originally described as Pachycondyla
magnifica by Borgmeier based in two worker specimens from the locality of Campinas, now a
neighborhood of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Schmidt allocated the species to the genus Neoponera,
revalidated in the same publication. There are just few geographical records of the species to
Colombia and Brazil with few specimens’ series hosted in entomological collections. In
addition, the biological aspects about the taxon are unknown.
Recently, Demétrio et al. listed seven species of Neoponera, still as Pachycondyla, to the Mato
Grosso do Sul State: N. bucki; N. inversa; N. luteola; N. marginata; N. obscuricornis; N.
verenae; N. villosa. The first record of N. magnifica from the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil,
presented in this study, is a contribution to the knowledge about the distributional pattern of the
genus and species. A compilation about all occurrence records to the species with sampling kind
and references are also presented.
This study was realized at a farm, placed in the municipality of Ribas do Rio Pardo, Mato
Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The area is characterized by livestock activities near a preserved
environment of Brazilian savanna. The fragment where the specimen was found is composed by
several bushes vegetation together with relatively tall trees.
At April’s 2016, period of transition between wet and dry season, the studied area was sampled,
with focus on ant using sardine bait and actively search. The sampled material was hosted at
Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. The samples were
conducted with legal permission of SISBIOTA under the number: 53601-1.
The species was identified following the identification keys of Kempf and Mackay. The species
identification was confirmed by Dr. Rodrigo Feitosa from UFPR. Worker of N. magnifica can
be segregated from their congeners by the following combination of characters: body black with
sparsely golden pubescence on the frons (medial and lateral to the eyes), mesosoma, petiole and
legs; frons with coarse striae; scape without erect hairs on shaft; dorsum of pronotum strongly
and regularly striate, with about 35 sharply defined striae across the widest; dorsal surface of
mesossoma and petiolar node without erect hairs; absence of the extra pair of teeth on the inner
border of the tarsal claws; absence of the angle on the upper anterior comer of the gaster.
Despite of several abundant species been sampled, N. magnifica was the only species which was
found just one worker using the active research.
Actually, the geographical distribution of N. magnifica is restricted to Colombia and Brasil:
Pará, Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. Oliveira et al. reported Pacycondyla sp.
prox. magnifica to the Acre State, such as Silva et al. to Bahia. Mackay and Mackay mistook the
occurrence of N. magnifica to the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo State. In fact the place
called Campinas, the type locality of the species, is currently a neighborhood of Goiania, capital
of the Goiás State.
As pointed out by Souza, N. magnifica presents sparse records with few specimens. Data
concerning geographical localities of occurrence, sampling kinds and references are showed by
Table.
The geographical records of N. magnifica demonstrate their adaptive plasticity, being present in
several kinds of environments and biomes as: Caatinga, Cerrado, Amazon Forest and Atlantic
Forest. The first record of N. magnifica to the Mato Grosso do Sul State enlarged their
geographical distribution, besides be a contribution to the knowledge of the distributional
pattern of the species.
We are very grateful to the Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal of Universidade
Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul and to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível
Superior by the fellowship to the first author; To MSc. Renan da Silva Olivier by his help with
photos of the specimen and to Dr. Chris Schmidt for his help with bibliographic material and to
Dr. Michael Gates by send information about occurrence records, and to Dr. Rodrigo Feitosa
by confirmed the identification of the species.
Translation - English Ponerinae is one of the 16 subfamilies that currently composes the family Formicidae. This subfamily is composed of two tribes with worldwide distribution: Platythyreini that has 38 extant species in the monotypic genus Platythyrea; and Ponerini with approximately 1200 extant species that are distributed in 47 genera. In the Neotropical realm, Ponerinae is represented by approximately 330 species distributed in 17 genera.
The Neoponera genus is among the neotropical genera of Ponerinae, and has a New World distribution that ranges from South of USA to Argentina. Neoponera is a relatively large genus with 57 valid species names; of which 34 were recorded in Brazil.
The species N. magnifica is rare and has low abundance of individuals. It was originally described as Pachycondyla magnifica by Borgmeier based on two worker specimens from the locality of Campinas, now a neighborhood of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Schmidt allocated N. magnifica to the genus Neoponera, revalidated in the same publication. There are just a few geographical records of the species in Colombia and Brazil with a few series of specimens stored in entomological collections. In addition, the biological aspects of the taxon are currently unknown.
Recently, the following seven species of Neoponera were recorded as Pachycondyla by Demétrio et al. in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: N. bucki; N. inversa; N. luteola; N. marginata; N. obscuricornis; N. verenae; N. villosa. Reported herein is the first record of N. magnifica from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This study contributes to the knowledge regarding the distribution patter of the genus and the species. A compilation of all records of this species, including the sampling method is presented. References are also presented.
This study was conducted in a farm, located in the municipality of Ribas do Rio Pardo, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The area features livestock activities near preserved environment of Brazilian savanna. The fragment where the specimen was found is composed of several shrubs that occur along with relatively tall trees.
The studied area was sampled in April of 2016 during a period of transition between wet and dry seasons. Collections were carried out using sardine bait and actively searching for specimens. The sampled material was deposited in the Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. The sampling was conducted with the legal permission of SISBIOTA under the registration number: 53601-1.
The species was identified following the identification keys of Kempf and Mackay. The species identification was confirmed by the specialist Dr. Rodrigo Feitosa from UFPR. Workers of N. magnifica can be segregated from their congeners by the following combination of characters: black body with sparsely golden pubescence on the frons (medial and lateral to the eyes), mesosoma, petiole and legs; frons with coarse striae; scape without erect hairs on the shaft; dorsum of pronotum strongly and regularly striate, with about 35 sharply defined striae across the widest ; dorsal surface of mesossoma and petiolar node without erect hairs; absence of extra pair of teeth on the inner border of the tarsal claws; absence of the angle on the upper anterior corner of the gaster.
Despite the abundant number of species sampled by active search, N. magnifica was the only species in which only one worker was found.
Today, the geographical distribution of N. magnifica is restricted to Colombia and the Brazilian states of Pará, Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. Oliveira et al. reported Pacycondyla sp. prox. magnifica in the state of Acre, and Silva et al. reported the same for the state of Bahia. Mackay and Mackay mistook the occurrence of N. magnifica and recorded its occurrence in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo. However, the place called Campinas, the type locality of the species, is currently a neighborhood of Goiania, capital of Goiás.
As pointed out by Souza, N. magnifica presents records that are geographically sparse and few in number of specimens. Data concerning geographical localities of occurrence, sampling method and references are showed on Table.
The geographical records of N. magnifica demonstrate their adaptive plasticity, since they are present in several types of environment and biome, such as: Caatinga, Cerrado, Amazon Rain Forest and Atlantic Rain Forest. The first record of N. magnifica for the state of the Mato Grosso do Sul widens their currently known geographical distribution. Furthermore, it contributes to the knowledge regarding the distribution pattern of the species.
We are very grateful to the Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul and to Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior for the fellowship given to the first author. We thank MSc. Renan da Silva Olivier for his help with the photos of the specimen and Dr. Chris Schmidt for his help with bibliographic material. We also thank Dr. Michael Gates for sending information about records of occurrence and Dr. Rodrigo Feitosa for confirming the identification of the species.
Portuguese to English: Translation scientific Paper General field: Science Detailed field: Botany
Source text - Portuguese A demanda por mudas de espécies florestais nativas tem sido crescente, em função da necessidade de
recuperação ambiental. A maioria destas espécies é propagada por sementes e o sucesso na formação das mudas
depende do conhecimento sobre o processo germinativo de cada uma e da qualidade da semente utilizada
(REGO et al., 2009).
Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms é pertencente à família Fabaceae e conhecida popularmente como olho-
de-cabra (LORENZI, 2000). Possui sementes com dormência primária, caracterizada como aquela que já se
manifesta quando a semente completa seu desenvolvimento (VIEIRA e FERNANDES, 1997). Esta dormência
deve ser superada por um método eficiente que aumente as taxas de germinação e possibilite maior
disponibilidade de mudas, potencializando o uso das espécies em restauração ambiental. Silva e Morais (2012)
constataram maior eficiência na emergência de plântulas de Ormosia arborea quando as sementes foram
escarificadas em ácido sulfúrico por 20 minutos. Visando ainda a qualidade das mudas produzidas, a seleção
criteriosa de matrizes é uma etapa essencial do processo. As informações obtidas pelo acompanhamento das
2
árvores-matrizes fornecem os indicativos do andamento da maturação e auxiliam na escolha da melhor época
para o início da coleta de sementes (FOWLER e MARTINS, 2001).
Durante o processo de maturação, as sementes e frutos passam por várias modificações, como alterações
no tamanho e na forma, até atingirem a maturidade. O conhecimento da biometria dos frutos e sementes
constitui conhecimento básico para a conservação e exploração de uma espécie vegetal (FENNER, 1993) e um
instrumento importante para detectar a variabilidade genética dentro de populações de uma mesma espécie,
assim como as relações entre essa variabilidade e os fatores ambientais (CARVALHO et al., 2003). Da mesma
maneira, informações básicas sobre a germinação, o cultivo e a potencialidade das espécies nativas, visando sua
utilização para vários fins são frequentemente demandadas (GUSMÃO et al., 2006), pois são essenciais para se
compreender a ecofisiologia da espécie e suas adaptações em campo, e para dar suporte a programas de
reflorestamento. Entretanto, estudos dessa natureza para espécies nativas, são escassos e pela falta de
informações básicas, a produção de mudas pode ser pouco eficiente.
Visando contribuir com a produção de mudas de Ormosia arborea, este estudo teve como objetivo
avaliar a eficiência de métodos para superação da dormência das sementes, caracterizar lotes de sementes
coletados em duas épocas e determinar a melhor época de coleta de sementes.
Translation - English The need to restore the natural environment has set forth a rise in demand for seedlings pertaining to native forest species. Most of these species are dispersed by seeds and the success in seedling formation depends on the knowledge
about the germination process of each seed as well as the quality of the utilized seed (Rego et al., 2009). Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms belongs to the Fabaceae family and is popularly known as olho-de-cabra (goat eye) (Lorenzi, 2000). These seeds exhibit primary dormancy, which is characterized as the expression of dormancy as soon as its development is complete. The dormancy must be overcome by an efficient method that raises germination rates and enables a greater availability of seedlings, enhancing the use of the species for environmental recovery. Silva and Morais (2012) noted a greater efficacy in seedling emergence of Ormosia arborea when the seeds were scarified in sulfuric acid for 20 minutes. With the intention to produce quality seedlings, a thorough selection of the mother plant is an essential step of the process. The information obtained from monitoring the mother plant provides an indication of the maturation progress and aids in the decision of the best period to begin collecting seeds (Fowler and Martins, 2001). Until seeds and fruits reach maturity, they undergo several modifications during the maturation process including alteration of their size and shape. Knowledge of the biometry of fruits and seeds is a basic requirement to conserve and explore a plant species. It is also an important tool to detect genetic variability within a population of the same species. The biometry of fruits and seeds can also be used to study the relationship between the genetic variability and environmental factors (Carvalho et al., 2003). Likewise, basic information on germination, cultivation and the potentiality of native species are often demanded for several purposes (Gusmão et al., 2006). This information is essential for comprehending the eco-physiology of the species, its adaptations in the field and to support reforestation programs. However, studies of this nature are scarce and, because of the lack of basic information, the seedling production is often times inefficient. Seeking to contribute to the seedling production of Ormosia arborea, this study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of methods to overcome seed dormancy, characterize lots of seeds collected in two distinct periods and to determine the best period for collecting seeds.
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Keywords: Portuguese, Botany, Wood Anatomy, Research, Scientific Paper, Business Communication, NGO, ONG, Comunicação Empresarial, Anatomia de Madeira. See more.Portuguese, Botany, Wood Anatomy, Research, Scientific Paper, Business Communication, NGO, ONG, Comunicação Empresarial, Anatomia de Madeira, Botânica, Taxonomia, Taxonomy, Ecology, Ecologia, Zoologia, Zoology.. See less.
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