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Sample translations submitted: 2
Spanish to English: El alma de la ciudad: Jesús Sánchez Adalid General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Spanish LA CAZA
El estío ofrecía una visión hermosa de los campos de Ávila. Los trigos segados desplegaban un intenso color ocre en los llanos que, fustigados por el sol, enviaban a la ciudad un calor denso y seco a mediodía. Pero al pie del cerro donde se alza la muralla, junto a la enmarañada fronda de las riberas del río, los huertos se mostraban muy verdes, repletos de árboles frutales con ciruelas en sazón y nogales de espesas copas. La ciudad se veía a lo lejos, sobre su loma, amodorrada por la canícula
Regresábamos de una feliz jornada de caza. Don Bricio cabalgaba sobre un enorme corcel y oteaba el horizonte con melancólica mirada. Las barbazas grises le caían luengas sobre el pecho y el cabello grasiento, sudoroso, le brotaba por debajo del gorro de tafilete, en la nuca. Vestía sólo el camisón claro que solía llevar siempre bajo los hábitos. Así, sin la capa y la túnica, se asemejaba a un campesino robusto que iba a sus labores, de no haber sido por el águila real que llevaba en el puño y que le otorgaba un aire majestuoso.
A mi vez, portaba yo amarrado al guante un bello azor que también pertenecía a mi amo, aunque hacía uso de él a mi antojo, como si fuera propio. También cabalgaba yo sobre buena montura: la yegua alazana recién domada que el arcediano me regaló nada más iniciarse nuestras jornadas de caza. Me sentía como un señor, henchido de orgullo por dedicarme a menesteres tan nobles y propios de gentes de buena cuna. Pues jamás había visto ni oído contar que hombres de mi familia y condición se hubieran atrevido a ejercer la altanería. La vida se me iba poniendo cada vez más regalada.
Delante iban los perros zigzagueando aún para no perder ni un palmo de terreno en su oficio de husmear, a pesar de llevar las lenguas casi arrastrando por los suelos, de la mucha faena que habían tenido desde la madrugada. De su buena casta para levantar piezas, y del bien hacer de las aves de presa, se había merecido el premio de lograr las seis liebres y las dos docenas de perdices que portaban detrás de nosotros los lacayos, a más de un pato y dos becadas.
Por tan copiosa y divertida jornada, iba yo feliz y, nada más sentirme próximo a los muros de Ávila, me puse a cantar alegre como un jilguero a voz en cuello.
- ¡Calla, insensato! – me regañó Don Bricio -. ¿No ves que aún no hemos terminado la caza?
- Si estamos a las puertas de Ávila. ¿Aquí en los huertos va a haber caza? – repliqué, pues andábamos ya por entre los nogales y ciruelos.
El alma de la ciudad Jesús Sánchez Adalid
Translation - English The Hunt
The summer offered up a beautiful panorama of the Ávilian countryside. Mown wheat unfurled a vivid ochre across plains beaten by the sun, sending a dense and dry noon heat to the city. But at the foot of the hill where the wall rises together with the tangled foliage of the riverbanks, the richly verdant orchards were full of fruit trees with ripe plums and the lush bowers of walnut. The city, seen from afar, atop its low hill slumbered in the dog days of summer.
We were coming back from a convivial day's hunting. Don Bricio rode astride a huge charger and scanned the horizon with a melancholy gaze. Grey strands of beard fell to his chest and his sweaty greasy hair flowed from beneath his Moroccan leather hat to the nape of his neck.
He was dressed only in the pale smock that he always used to wear beneath his outer garments. Consequently, without his cape and tunic, he would have resembled a robust peasant going about his work, had it not been for the eagle he carried on his fist which lent him a regal air.
For my part I carried, tethered to my glove, a handsome goshawk which also belonged to my Master, although he let me use it as I pleased, as if it were my own. I also rode a good mount, the recently tamed chestnut mare the archdeacon gave me at the beginning of our hunting trips.
I felt like a gentleman, full of pride to be involved in such refined affairs, the terrain of people of noble birth. I had never seen nor heard tell that men of my family and social condition had ever dared to practice falconry. My life was becoming increasingly privileged.
The dogs went in front, still zigzagging so as not to lose even an inch of terrain in their task of sniffing, despite almost dragging their tongues on the ground due to the heavy work they had had since dawn. As they were a sound breed for rousing the prey, and, due to the good work of the raptors, the prize of six hares and the two dozen partridges the servants carried behind, as well as a duck and two woodcocks, had been well-earned.
Thanks to such a fruitful and enjoyable day, I was happy and with no further ado, feeling myself near the walls of Ávila, I burst into loud and joyful song like a linnet.
“Quiet dolt!” Don Bricio chided me. “Can't you see we still haven't finished the hunt?” But we were already at the gates of Ávila. “Will there be game in the orchards?” I retorted, and we were already moving at a walk) through the walnuts and plums.
El alma de la ciudad (The Soul of The City) Jesús Sánchez Adalid
Spanish to English: LAS CÉLULAS MADRE General field: Science Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - Spanish LAS CÉLULAS MADRE
Las preciadas progenitoras celulares se obtienen básicamente de dos fuentes: embriones en las primeras fases de desarrollo o las reservas que el organismo adulto mantiene con el fin de reparar los daños que se producen en los tejidos.
Desde el inicio de los trabajos en este campo, los investigadores sostienen que las progenitoras celulares embrionarias son las únicas que tienen la capacidad de convertirse en cualquier tejido u órgano del cuerpo (pluripotenciales). Sin embargo, los resultados de numerosos estudios con células madre adultas ponen en duda tal afirmación. De las progenitoras adultas se han obtenido neurones, músculo y células grasas.
No existen todavía respuestas muy claras sobre el potencial de las células madre adultas. De modo que una parte de la comunidad científica se inclina por las progenitoras embrionarias. En estos momentos, existen tres modos de generar las codiciadas células: extraerlas de embriones, mediante técnicas de clonación y también, aunque en menor medida, forzando la división de óvulos sin fecundar.
Un óvulo fecundado por un espermatozoide es totipotencial, es decir que puede generar un organismo completo. Después de varios ciclos de división celular, estas células totipotenciales comienzan a especializarse, formando una esfera hueca de células, llamada blastocisto. De su capa externa se formará la placenta y otros tejidos necesarios para el desarrollo fetal en el útero. La masa interna de células dará lugar a todos los tejidos del cuerpo humano. Estas células de la masa interna son pluripotenciales, pueden dar lugar a muchos tipos de células, pero no todos los tipos necesarios para el desarrollo del feto. Debido a que su potencial no es total, no son células totipotenciales y no son embriones. De hecho, si una célula de la masa interna fuera implantada en el útero de una mujer, no desarrollaría un feto.
Otra de las opciones para obtener células madre es la clonación por transferencia nuclear. El procedimiento consiste en tomar una célula reproductora y eliminar su núcleo, orgánulo donde se encuentra el ADN. En su lugar, se inserta el material genético de una célula adulta, por ejemplo de la piel, obtenida del paciente. El híbrido se multiplica dando lugar a un embrión con una carga genética idéntica a la del donante del núcleo.
Uno de los últimos métodos ensayados por una compañía estadounidense es la partenogénesis. Esta opción consiste en administrar una descarga eléctrica o un tratamiento químico a un óvulo para obligarlo a dividirse. De este modo, se forma un sucedáneo embrionario que sólo vive unas semanas, tiempo suficiente para extraer progenitoras celulares.
Una célula madre adulta es una progenitora no diferenciada que puede renovarse constantemente y dar lugar a células especializadas. Estas células se encuentran en los diferentes órganos para reparar los daños que se pueden producir en los tejidos.
Unnamed source
Translation - English Stem Cells
Precious progenitor cells are primarily derived from two sources: embryos in the early stages of development or the stocks adult organisms maintain as a means of repairing tissue damage.
Since work began in this field, researchers have argued that only embryonic progenitor cells are capable of transformation into any tissue or body part (pluripotent). Nevertheless, results from numerous studies of adult stem cells cast doubt on this assertion. Neurones, muscle and fat cells have been made from adult progenitors.
There are still no clear answers about the potential of adult stem cells. Thus a part of the scientific community favours embryonic progenitors arguing that they are the only cells with the potential to develop into any bodily tissue or organ. At present there are three ways to generate the sought-after cells: embryonic extraction, (5)cloning techniques and also, to a lesser extent, the forced division(6) of unfertilised eggs(7).
An egg fertilised by a sperm cell is totipotent, that is to say, it can generate a complete organism. After several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialise, forming a hollow ball of cells called the blastocyst. The outer layer of cells will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development within the uterus, while the inner mass cells will give rise to all the tissues of the human body. These inner mass cells are pluripotent and can lead to many types of cells, but not all types needed for foetal development. Given that their potency(8) is not total, they are not totipotent cells nor are they embryos. In fact, if an inner cell mass was implanted in the uterus of a woman, a foetus would not develop.
Another option is to obtain stem cells by nuclear transfer cloning. The procedure involves taking a reproductive cell and eliminating its nucleus, the organelle where DNA is found. Genetic material, taken from a patient's skin for example, is inserted in its place. The hybrid is multiplied resulting in an embryo with a genetic makeup identical to the donor nucleus.
One of the latest methods tested by a U.S. company is parthenogenesis. This option consists of administering an electric shock or a chemical treatment to an egg, forcing it to divide. Thus a substitute embryo is formed which lives only a few weeks, long enough to extract progenitor cells.
An adult stem cell is an undifferentiated progenitor that can consistently renew and give rise to specialised cells. Such cells are found in different organs where their purpose is to repair any tissue damage that may occur.
I am a native speaker of English (UK). I lived and worked in Spain for over 14 consecutive years. Most of those years were spent as a profesor de inglés and later as a profesor/administrador at ESADE, (Escuela Superior de Administración y Dirección de Empresas), Barcelona. Subsequently I returned to the UK and completed an MSc. in Information Systems at Brighton University. I am now a permanent resident in the Balearic Islands.
I have been a translator and interpreter for some 20 years and have worked full time in that capacity since the year 2000. To refresh my skills, in 2010 I successfully completed both courses in High Level Translation: Spanish to English at the University of Cardiff.
My educational background is in philosophy and literature, language teaching and learning, linguistics, computing science, artificial intelligence and information systems. I have been a researcher in the applications of AI to language acquisition followed by employment as an Arts Computing Advisor in UK Universities.
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