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English to Japanese translator specializing in computer.medical.electronics.engineering
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Freelance translator and/or interpreter
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English to Japanese: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION/発明の背景
Source text - English This invention relates to improved electrodes for a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), and more particularly a method of manufacturing nanotubes formed from platinum (Pt) and platinum alloys, for example, platinum-palladium (PtPb). The present invention includes, but is not limited to, improved cathodic catalysts formed from such platinum nanotubes (PtNTs) and platinum-palladium nanotubes (PtPdNTs).
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant directly into electricity without combustion. The principal components of a fuel cell include electrodes catalytically activated for the fuel (anode) and the oxidant (cathode), and an electrolyte to conduct ions between the two electrodes, thereby producing electricity. The fuel typically is hydrogen or methanol, and the oxidant typically is oxygen or air.
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Compared with internal combustion engines, fuel cells are not limited by the Carnot cycle and in principle could have higher efficiency. With pure hydrogen as the fuel, fuel cells are very environmentally friendly. The combination of high efficiency, low environmental impact, and high power density has been and will continue to be the driving force for vigorous research in this area for a wide variety of applications such as transportation, residential power generation, and portable electronic applications. For portable electronic applications, important features include high power density (i.e., longer battery life) and compactness.
Silicon-based microfabrication technology is amongst the promising approaches for fabrication of compact micro fuel cells. However, the current methods for making electrodes for fuel cells, which typically includes spraying and/or brushing of platinum supported on carbon powder, is incompatible with microfabrication techniques. Therefore, there is need for improved electrodes and methods of preparing such electrodes for PEMFCs and DMFCs.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have attracted enormous attention as a promising power source for portable electronics applications such as laptop computers and cell phones. The interest in commercializing DMFCs is in part due to the fuel cell's simple system design, high energy density and the relative ease with which methanol may be transported and stored, as compared with hydrogen. In the state-of-the-art DMFCs, platinum supported on a carbon substrate is configured in the cathode as a catalyst for activating the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A platinum-ruthenium alloy is usually used as the anode electrocatalyst, and may be supported on a carbon substrate. The electrolyte is usually a perfluorosulfonate membrane, for which NAFION (available from DuPont) is a commonly utilized commercially available membrane. One of the major problems encountered in DMFCs is methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode. The permeated methanol causes "poisoning" of the cathode platinum catalyst and depolarization losses due to the simultaneous oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation on the platinum catalyst.
Translation - Japanese この発明は以下電極の改善に関するものである：プロトン交換膜燃料電池（pemfc）と直接メタノール燃料電池（ DMFC電解）の膜電極アセンブリ（MEA）の使用、および特にプラチナ（pt）とプラチナ合金からナノチューブを製造する方法。例えば、プラチナ・パラジウム（ptpb）。本発明は、白金ナノチューブ（ptnts）とパラジウム白金ナノチューブ（ptpdnts）で構成されたカソード触媒を改善するが、それに限るものではない。
English to Japanese: 3 Topics from Magazine /マガジンからの3つの話題
Source text - English Topic No. 1 is presently the global financial crisis and economic crisis. How does Vorwerk with the current situation going?
Peter Oberegger: Vorwerk is doing comparatively good. We are independent from banks and also not depdendent on government assistance schemes. Our liquid funds of the equity capital (shareholders' funds) exceed the debts (liabilities) easily. That gives us the necessary freedom of action. Today no one can answer this exactly, whether the group achieves growth in sales again in the strategic business and in this difficult environment this year.
Now yes, the first months of the year are over. How is the situation then presently?
Walter Muyres: Presently we see different developments in several countries and markets. Some foreign subsidiaries develop it, to hold standard of the preceding year or to exceed even. Other countries must accept revenue losses. Overall we maintain our position quite well, as measured by the circumstances. But naturally a crisis of such a size cannot also pass to us without a trace.
"Have the necessary freedom of action" : Peter Oberegger, General Partner
Vorwerk management (v.l.) :
Peter Oberegger, Walter Muyres and Reiner Strecker
To what extent does the basic orientation of the family business help Vorwerk?
Peter Oberegger: Sustainability in the thinking and actions in long-term interrelations have belonged all times to the principles of Vorwerk group. It is already remarkable, that Barack Obama now himself a US president reminds the economy and banks to accept "responsibility for the future" and not to aim only on the fast yield. Vorwerk can feel absolutely vindicated in its own organizational approach.
Reiner Strecker: I can reinforce this aspect as, Newcomer' in the Vorwerk group and the management. The support of the entrepreneur family and the persistent company policies are decisive basis straight in times of the fast change and naturally defining (formative) for the corporate culture. I got imparted knowledge in many conversations here in the first days in the organization.
But what distinguishes then Vorwerk from the organizations which presently have large problems?
Walter Muyres: As a start, this is our special way for the customer. The convincing, personal presentation arouses buying interest. Potentially sceptical sentiment of the customers carry less weight. Thereto aspects such as the strength of our brand and the quality of the products come into picture - not only in the direct marketing, but rather also in HECTAS, the akf and the carpet works.
Peter Oberegger: A non-underestimating factor is the labor market. We can offer lucrative activities in our sales companies as an adviser in fulltime or part time. And basically essential is: We will be also successful in the future, if we are versatilely courageous and we correctly react to the variations.
Reiner Strecker: I think that the change capacity will be essentially decisive. My experiences in other organizations show that the consistent orientation can be a decisive competitive advantage if you respect requirements of the customers. My first impression is that Vorwerk is overall on a right way.
"Decisive Change capacity" : Pure Strecker, Chief financial Officer
Across, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, AutoCAD, DejaVu, FrameMaker, IBM CAT tool, Indesign, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, SDLX, STAR Transit, Trados Studio, TransSuite2000, Wordfast
Hello，I am a native Japanese translator. I have over 10 years of experience in English > Japanese translation in various fields such as IT,automotive, computer, general and business documents, etc. in JP and US. Now I became a freelancer，I am glad to work for you.
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