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Portuguese to English: Translation PT-EN regarding psychology/victimology
Source text - Portuguese As mulheres estão particularmente em risco nos primeiros dois meses após o abandono de um relacionamento abusivo (Wilson & Daly, 1993, citados Saavedra & Fonseca, 2013). Uma pesquisa realizada no Reino Unido mostra que, após a separação, mais de 75% das mulheres tinha sofrido assédio e violência por parte do ex-companheiro e que o contacto com as crianças representava um ponto de vulnerabilidade especial para ambas (mulheres e crianças) (Humphreys et. al., 2005, citados Saavedra & Fonseca, 2013), o que levanta a extrema necessidade de refletirmos os moldes de regulação das responsabilidades parentais em casos de real violência doméstica. Face ao exposto, conclui-se que romper é perigoso, contudo permanecer também o é.
A mulher é a principal vítima nos homicídios conjugais (Silva, 1995, citado por Matos, 2005). Regista sete vezes mais probabilidades de ser vítima de homicídio no âmbito de uma relação íntima do que de um homicídio perpetrado por um estranho (Garrido, 2002). Segundo Liem e Robers (2009), vários estudos apontam para o facto de o homicídio conjugal ser a única forma letal de violência em que a mulher é a principal vítima. Os estudos consultados por Matos (2003) apontam para que 90% das mulheres assassinadas são mortas pelo marido ou ex-parceiro, sendo que 2/3 das mulheres mortas por estes foram maltratadas fisicamente antes do homicídio.
Garrido (2002) defende que os homicídios no seio de relações íntimas são muito mais crimes de possessão do que crimes passionais, na medida em que os homicídios ocorrem não por um ataque arrebatador de paixão, mas porque o homicida decide, com antecedência, o ataque final, encarando-o como inevitável. Ou seja, “não é a sua paixão amorosa que o guia, mas o seu egocentrismo desmesurado que o faz acreditar que há pessoas que lhe pertencem, mesmo que elas não o queiram…” (p. 58).
A criminalidade dos homens tem sido superior à das mulheres. À exceção do infanticídio, o homicídio é uma forma de comportamento violento tipicamente masculino (Pais, 2010). Os homens que matam as suas mulheres, parceiras ou namoradas premeditam por um longo período de tempo (Garcia, 2010). Apesar de os homens cometerem mais homicídios do que as mulheres, no âmbito da violência conjugal, as mulheres constituem-se aí mais como homicidas do que em outra esfera qualquer. Por outras palavras, no homicídio conjugal, de uma forma geral, o homem mata mais do que a mulher, contudo, a mulher, quando mata, fá-lo maioritariamente na figura do marido ou do companheiro (Pais, 2010).
No que respeita ao homicídio no feminino, a maioria das mulheres que o cometeram visavam pôr termo aos maus tratos conjugais. Desta forma, as mulheres que matam fazem-no, por norma, contra um cônjuge ou ex-parceiro e com um historial de violência conjugal associado (Pais, 1998, citado por Matos, 2003). Wilson e Daly afirmaram, em 1992, que as mulheres cometem atos de violência letais para escapar a um abuso físico prolongado ou protegerem os seus filhos (Liem & Robers, 2009). Existem mulheres que matam os seus maridos com vista a impedir o dano físico ou sexual dos seus filhos (Walker et al., 2009b). Contudo, muitas das mulheres que mataram os seus maridos não o fizeram enquanto estavam a ser atacadas (Regehr & Roberts, 2010
Translation - English Women are particularly at risk in the first two months after leaving an abusive relationship (Wilson & Daly, 1993 cited Saavedra & Fonseca, 2013). A survey in the UK shows that after separation, over 75% of women had suffered harassment and violence by ex-partners and that contact with children represented a particular point of vulnerability for both (women and children) (Humphreys et al. 2005, cited Saavedra & Fonseca, 2013), which raises the urgent need to reflect the patterns of regulation of parental responsibilities in cases of actual domestic violence. Given the above, it is concluded that ending the relationship is dangerous, but so is staying in it.
Women are the main victims in spousal homicides (Silva, 1995, cited by Matos, 2005). Women register seven times more probability of being the victims of spousal homicide in an intimate relationship than being murdered by a stranger (Garrido, 2002). According to Liem and Robers (2009), several studies point to the fact that spousal homicide is the only lethal form of violence where women are the main victims. Studies consulted by Matos (2003) pointed out that 90% of women murdered are killed by their husband or ex-partner and two thirds of women killed by them were physically abused before the murder.
Garrido (2002) argues that the killings within intimate relationships are considered crimes of dominance than crimes of passion, to the extent that the killings do not occur due to a sweeping attack of passion, but because the murderer plots in advance the goal of the final assault, viewing it as inevitable. Thus "it is not the killer's amorous passion that guides him to commit the crime, but his inordinate self-centeredness that makes him believe that there are people who belong to him, even if said people do not want him ..." (p. 58).
Crimes perpetrated by men have been higher than ones perpetrated by women. With an exception for infanticide, murder is a form of typically masculine violent behaviour (Pais, 2010). Men who kill their women, partners or dating partners premeditate their final assault or for a long period of time (Garcia, 2010). Although men commit more murders than women, women commit more homicides in a domestic context than in any other sphere. In other words, men generally kill more than women in spousal homicide. However, when women kill, it is targeted towards the husband or partner (Pais, 2010).
With regard to murder perpetrated by women, most women who have committed said crime were intended to put an end to their spousal mistreatment. Thus, women who kill do it usually against a spouse or ex-partner with a history of associated domestic violence (Pais, 1998 cited by Matos, 2003). Wilson and Daly said in 1992 that women commit acts of lethal violence to escape from prolonged physical abuse or protect their children (Liem & Robers, 2009). There are women who kill their husbands in order to prevent physical or sexual harm to their children (Walker et al. 2009b). However, many of the women who killed their husbands did not do it while they were being attacked (Regehr & Roberts, 2010).
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Translation education
Graduate diploma - Faculdade das Ciências Sociais e Humanas- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Experience
Years of experience: 8. Registered at ProZ.com: May 2017.
Portuguese to English (Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas), verified) English to Portuguese (Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas), verified)
Memberships
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Software
Google Translator Toolkit, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, SmartCAT, Powerpoint, Trados Studio, Wordfast
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I am specialized in EN-PT/PT-EN translation with experience localizing projects such as user-focused software and videogames, psychology, academic texts (certificates, abstracts).
I have in the past not only focused on the quality of my translation but also on the source text, finding mistakes or incoherent thoughts.
I am currently looking for opportunities to translate at low rates. I am quick to answer any inquiries and will deliver any requested translation within the agreed timeframe.
Professional translation experience:
•Translating for Google (Google Assistant program)
•Localization project for Dreams (PS4 video game)
• Portuguese to English translation of a Psychology and Criminology book for Reed Elsevier
• English to Portuguese translation and localization for a service provider
• English to Portuguese translation of Software/Hardware texts for an international software company.
Expertise