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Source text - English Even some ardent conservationists acknowledge that the diversity of life on Earth cannot be fully sustained as human populations expand use more resources nudge the climate and move weedlike pests and predators from place to place.
Given that some losses are inevitable the debate among many experts has shifted to an uncomfortable subject what level of loss is acceptable. The discussion is taking place at both the local and global levels How small can a fragment of an ecosystem be and still function in all its richness and thus be considered preserved﹖ And as global biodiversity diminishes is it a valid fallback strategy to bank organisms and genes in zoos DNA banks or the like or does this simply justify more habitat destruction﹖ Is nature on ice a sufficient substitute for the real thing﹖ Some conservation groups have strenuously avoided or even attacked such calculations and strategies. They say there is no safe diminution of habitat as long as human understanding of ecology is as sketchy as it is a fallback strategy is unthinkable. Furthermore banking nature in a deep freeze or database of gene sequences cannot capture context. For instance even if a vanished bird was someday reconstituted from its genes would it warble with the same fluency as its ancestors﹖ On the other side of the debate those considering what the smallest viable habitats are or how to expand archives as an insurance policy say that recent trends have proved that old conservation strategies are no longer sufficient. A few decades ago the issue seemed fairly uncomplicated identify biological “hot spots” or species of concern and establish as many reserves as possible. But the picture has grown murky.
Translation - Chinese 连一些积极的自然资源保护论者都承认，随着人口的膨胀、消耗更多的自然资源、引起气候的变化，以及造成大量害虫和捕食动物的迁移等，地球上的生物多样性肯定不会完全地持续下去。
许多专家的争论焦点已经转到了一个令人不安的话题，假使一些损失是不可避免的，多大程度的损失是可以容忍的呢？关于这个问题的辩论在局部和全球范围两个层面上同时展开：生态系统的一小部分可以小到何种程度仍能维持其完整、丰富的功能，从而可以认为是受到了保护呢？在全球生物多样性减少的过程中，把生物有机体和基因保存在诸如动物园、基因库之类的地方是一种有效的保全策略吗？或者这样做仅仅为更多的(动、植物)栖息地的破坏提供了借口？冷藏的自然能够充分地代替真正的自然吗？一些自然资源保护组织一直极力避开甚至反对这样的推论和策略。他们说，只要人类对生态系统的认识还是一知半解的，那就不存在对栖息地的安全缩小；因此也就谈不上什么保险策略了。更何况，把自然生态深冻起来或者将其存入基因序列数据库并不能保存与其相关的背景。比如，就算一只灭绝的鸟儿某一天被人们从它的基因中重新组合出来，它的啁啾声能像其先辈们一样婉转动听吗？另一方面，寻求最小可行栖地的人们或试图扩大现有档案库作为一种保全策略的人们则说，最近的趋势已经表明，旧的保护策略不再够用了。几十年之前，问题似乎还不是那么复杂：只要确认出那些受到威胁的生态地区或者令人担忧的物种，然后建立尽可能多的保护区就是了。然而，目前这个状况已经变得模糊起来。
English to Chinese: translation about funds
Source text - English The AP funds
AP1- 4 are buffer funds assigned by the Swedish Parliament (Riksdagen) to manage
the Swedish people's pension funds. Combined with well-weighted financial risks, our
mission is to achieve the highest possible return on the Fund's invested assets, and to
thereby contribute to a strong and predictable old-age pension for current and future
pensioners. Each fund has its own investment strategy, but together the four funds
manage assets to the value of more than US$ 120 billion.
The buffer funds are part of the new national pension system, a system that shall
ensure future pensions in Sweden. The pension system is divided into two parts: a
pay-as-you-go part and a premium reserve part.
The basic principle for the pay-as-you-go part is that the payment of today's pensions
be financed by contributions representing 16 percent of salaries and wages. The size
of the contributions and disbursements varies over time, depending on such factors as
demographic changes and the rate of salary increases. The role of the First to Fourth
Funds is to act as a buffer in the system in order to even out temporary fluctuations in
contributions and disbursements.
Being part of the Swedish National Pension System, the funds are dedicated to
implementing our ethical and environmental policies through active ownership. Our
ethical and environmental policies are based on the international norms and
conventions signed by the Swedish government. We support these values in dialogue
with companies, and strive to use our holdings to promote positive change rather than
divest when issues arise.
I live in China. My home language is Chinese. I have a good command of both speaking and writing English .I have passed CET-6 of China.
I have been working in aviation area as an engineer for more than 10 years , So I know more about machinery ,aircraft and engineering and my translation knowledge is relating to machinery ,aircraft and engineering.
Also I have a passion for the translation, and an abundance of scientific sense.
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