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Specializes in:
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Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
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Dutch to English - Rates: 0.08 - 0.09 EUR per word / 40 - 45 EUR per hour
Source text - Dutch 1.1.1.2. Innervatie
Een spierspoel wordt geïnnerveerd door verschillende sensorische en motorische neuronen. Binnen de sensorische motoneuronen maakt men een onderscheid tussen de Ia-afferenten en II afferenten die beiden contact maken met het middelste gedeelte van de intrafusale vezels.
De motorische zenuwvezels of motoneuronen maken contact met alle polaire delen van de intrafusale vezels. Ook hier onderscheidt men twee soorten, namelijk de dynamische γ-motoneuronen en de statische γ-motoneuronen. Ieder type intrafusale vezels wordt door één type fusimotoneuronen geïnnerveerd. De dynamische kernzakvezels innerveren de dynamische γ-neuronen terwijl de statische kernzakvezels en de kernkettingvezels de statische γ-neuronen innerveren (Bernards, 1985; Burgerhout et al., 1995).
1.1.1.3 Werking en functie van de spierspoeltjes
De spierspoelafferenten treden in werking als het middelste gedeelte van de intrafusale vezels wordt uitgerokken. Dit kan enerzijds door een passieve uitrekking van de spier, anderzijds door een actieve verkorting van de polaire delen van de intrafusale vezels. Dit laatste vindt plaats als de motorische zenuwvezels geprikkeld worden.
De motorische zenuwvezels hebben een versterkende of verzwakkende invloed op de Ia- en II afferenten. De γ-dynamische motoneuronen zorgen voor een versterking van de fasische respons en een verzwakking van de tonische respons van de Ia-afferenten. De γ-statische motoneuronen verzwakken de fasische en versterken de tonische respons van de Ia-afferenten.
Bij een constante γ-activiteit is de statische respons evenredig met de lengte van de spierspoel en dus ook evenredig met de lengte van de spier. Verlenging van de spier verhoogt de ontladingsfrequentie terwijl verkorting deze frequentie verlaagt. Snelle kleine veranderingen beïnvloeden vooral de Ia-afferenten (fasische respons). Grote trage veranderingen worden vooral door de II-afferenten geregistreerd (tonische respons). Deze veranderingen worden zeer goed weergegeven in de onderstaande figuur (Bernards, 1985; Burgerhout et al., 1995).
Translation - English 1.1.1.2..Innervation
A muscle spindle is innervated by various sensory and motor neurons. There are two different types of sensory motor neurons, the Type Ia afferents and the Type II afferents. Both make contact with the middle section of the intrafusal fibers.
The motor nerve fibers or the motor neurons make contact with the polar ends of the intrafusal fibers. Like the sensory motor neurons, the motor neurons can also be divided into two sorts, the dynamic γ-motor neurons and the static γ-motor neurons. Each type of intrafusal fiber is innervated by only one type of fusimotor neuron. The dynamic nuclear bag fibers innervate the dynamic γ-motor neurons while the static nuclear bag fibers and the nuclear chain fibers innervate the static γ-motor neurons. (Bernards, 1985; Burgerhout et al., 1995).
1.1.1.3 Activity and Function of the Muscle Spindles
The spindle fiber afferents are activated when the middle section of the intrafusal fibers are stretched. This stretching can occur either via a passive stretch, or via an active shortening of the polar ends of the intrafusal fibers. The latter occurs when the motor neurons are innervated. The motor neurons have a strengthening or weakening influence on the Type Ia and the Type II afferents. The dynamic γ-motor neurons strengthen the phasic response and weaken the tonic response of the Type Ia afferents. The static γ-motor neurons weaken the phasic response and strengthen the tonic response of the Type Ia afferents.
With constant γ-activity, the static response is proportional to the length of the muscle spindle, and therefore, is also proportional to the length of the muscle itself. Muscle lengthening increases the discharge frequency while muscle shortening decreases the discharge frequency. Small, fast changes influence mainly the Type Ia afferents (phasic response). Large, slower changes are mostly registered by the Type IIa afferents (tonic response).
Dutch to English: Medical Text
Source text - Dutch Diagnostiek en benadering van de patiënten
Bij de diagnostiek is een nauwkeurige inspectie van de huid belangrijk.
Omdat een parasietenwaan in aansluiting op een infestatie kan ontstaan,
dienen echte infestaties zoals scabies of andere parasitaire prurigo te worden
uitgesloten. Ook andere huidafwijkingen die jeuk veroorzaken, zoals o.a.
dermatitis herpetiformis en M. Grover of huidafwijkingen die met
excoriaties gepaard gaan zoals dermatitis artefacta of acne excoriée moeten
worden uitgesloten.
Als er aanwijzingen zijn voor een mogelijke organische oorzaak van de
parasietenwaan krijgt aanvullend onderzoek een plaats binnen de
diagnostiek.
Om de diagnose primaire parasietenwaan te kunnen stellen en te
onderscheiden van onderliggende psychiatrische aandoeningen is een
samenwerking met een psychiater wenselijk. De psychiater kan ook een
bijdrage leveren als het gaat om het maken van onderscheid tussen een echte
waan ('unshakeble belief') en een waanachtig denkbeeld ('shakable belief').
Het voorstel van een verwijzing naar een psychiater wordt door de patiënt
bijna altijd afgewezen. Een oplossing hiervoor kan zijn dat de psychiater
gelijktijdig met de dermatoloog op de afdeling dermatologie de patiënt ziet,
zodat de juiste psychiatrische diagnose kan worden gesteld en de psychiater
de behandeling op afstand kan begeleiden.
Het is belangrijk om de patiënt serieus te nemen door een goede anamnese af
te nemen en de patiënt grondig te onderzoeken. Zorg voor een goede artspatiënt
relatie. Onderzoek meegebrachte 'parasieten' en vertel niet direct
tijdens het eerste bezoek dat het om een psychisch probleem gaat. Hierdoor
wordt voorkomen dat de patiënt gaat 'shoppen' en opzoek gaat naar een
andere deskundige.
Translation - English Diagnostics and Treatment of the Patient
A careful inspection of the skin is an important part of the diagnostics. Since delusional parasitosis can occur in conjunction with an infestation, real infestations, such as scabies or other parasitic prurigo, have to be ruled out. In addition, other skin abnormalities which cause itching, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Grover’s disease, or skin abnormalities that are associated with excoriations, such as dermatitis artefacta or acne excoriee, have to be ruled out.
If there are indications that the delusional parasitosis may possibly have an organic origin, then supplementary tests must be included in the diagnostics.
In order to diagnose primary delusional parasitosis, and to be able to differentiate this from underlying psychiatric disorders, it is advisable to work in collaboration with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist can also be helpful in determining the distinction between a real delusion (unshakable belief) and a delusional idea (shakable belief). The suggestion of a referral to a psychiatrist is almost always rejected by the patient. The patient being treated by the psychiatrist and the dermatologist, simultaneously, and in the dermatology department, may be a possible solution to this problem. In this way, the correct psychiatric diagnosis can be made and the psychiatrist can guide the treatment from a distance. It is important to take the patient seriously by taking a detailed history and performing a thorough examination. Make sure that a good doctor/patient relationship is maintained. Examine the “parasites” that the patient has brought along to the appointment and do not directly disclose that the problem is psychological during the first visit. This reduces the chance that the patient will “shop around” and search for another specialist.
Diagnostics and Treatment of the Patient
A careful inspection of the skin is an important part of the diagnostics. Since delusional parasitosis can occur in conjunction with an infestation, real infestations, such as scabies or other parasitic prurigo, have to be ruled out. In addition, other skin abnormalities which cause itching, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Grover’s disease, or skin abnormalities that are associated with excoriations, such as dermatitis artefacta or acne excoriee, have to be ruled out.
If there are indications that the delusional parasitosis may possibly have an organic origin, then supplementary tests must be included in the diagnostics.
In order to diagnose primary delusional parasitosis, and to be able to differentiate this from underlying psychiatric disorders, it is advisable to work in collaboration with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist can also be helpful in determining the distinction between a real delusion (unshakable belief) and a delusional idea (shakable belief). The suggestion of a referral to a psychiatrist is almost always rejected by the patient. The patient being treated by the psychiatrist and the dermatologist, simultaneously, and in the dermatology department, may be a possible solution to this problem. In this way, the correct psychiatric diagnosis can be made and the psychiatrist can guide the treatment from a distance. It is important to take the patient seriously by taking a detailed history and performing a thorough examination. Make sure that a good doctor/patient relationship is maintained. Examine the “parasites” that the patient has brought along to the appointment and do not directly disclose that the problem is psychological during the first visit. This reduces the chance that the patient will “shop around” and search for another specialist.
Diagnostics and Treatment of the Patient
A careful inspection of the skin is an important part of the diagnostics. Since delusional parasitosis can occur in conjunction with an infestation, real infestations, such as scabies or other parasitic prurigo, have to be ruled out. In addition, other skin abnormalities which cause itching, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Grover’s disease, or skin abnormalities that are associated with excoriations, such as dermatitis artefacta or acne excoriee, have to be ruled out.
If there are indications that the delusional parasitosis may possibly have an organic origin, then supplementary tests must be included in the diagnostics.
In order to diagnose primary delusional parasitosis, and to be able to differentiate this from underlying psychiatric disorders, it is advisable to work in collaboration with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist can also be helpful in determining the distinction between a real delusion (unshakable belief) and a delusional idea (shakable belief). The suggestion of a referral to a psychiatrist is almost always rejected by the patient. The patient being treated by the psychiatrist and the dermatologist, simultaneously, and in the dermatology department, may be a possible solution to this problem. In this way, the correct psychiatric diagnosis can be made and the psychiatrist can guide the treatment from a distance. It is important to take the patient seriously by taking a detailed history and performing a thorough examination. Make sure that a good doctor/patient relationship is maintained. Examine the “parasites” that the patient has brought along to the appointment and do not directly disclose that the problem is psychological during the first visit. This reduces the chance that the patient will “shop around” and search for another specialist.
Diagnostics and Treatment of the Patient
A careful inspection of the skin is an important part of the diagnostics. Since delusional parasitosis can occur in conjunction with an infestation, real infestations, such as scabies or other parasitic prurigo, have to be ruled out. In addition, other skin abnormalities which cause itching, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Grover’s disease, or skin abnormalities that are associated with excoriations, such as dermatitis artefacta or acne excoriee, have to be ruled out.
If there are indications that the delusional parasitosis may possibly have an organic origin, then supplementary tests must be included in the diagnostics.
In order to diagnose primary delusional parasitosis, and to be able to differentiate this from underlying psychiatric disorders, it is advisable to work in collaboration with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist can also be helpful in determining the distinction between a real delusion (unshakable belief) and a delusional idea (shakable belief). The suggestion of a referral to a psychiatrist is almost always rejected by the patient. The patient being treated by the psychiatrist and the dermatologist, simultaneously, and in the dermatology department, may be a possible solution to this problem. In this way, the correct psychiatric diagnosis can be made and the psychiatrist can guide the treatment from a distance. It is important to take the patient seriously by taking a detailed history and performing a thorough examination. Make sure that a good doctor/patient relationship is maintained. Examine the “parasites” that the patient has brought along to the appointment and do not directly disclose that the problem is psychological during the first visit. This reduces the chance that the patient will “shop around” and search for another specialist.
Diagnostics and Treatment of the Patient
A careful inspection of the skin is an important part of the diagnostics. Since delusional parasitosis can occur in conjunction with an infestation, real infestations, such as scabies or other parasitic prurigo, have to be ruled out. In addition, other skin abnormalities which cause itching, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and Grover’s disease, or skin abnormalities that are associated with excoriations, such as dermatitis artefacta or acne excoriee, have to be ruled out.
If there are indications that the delusional parasitosis may possibly have an organic origin, then supplementary tests must be included in the diagnostics.
In order to diagnose primary delusional parasitosis, and to be able to differentiate this from underlying psychiatric disorders, it is advisable to work in collaboration with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist can also be helpful in determining the distinction between a real delusion (unshakable belief) and a delusional idea (shakable belief). The suggestion of a referral to a psychiatrist is almost always rejected by the patient. The patient being treated by the psychiatrist and the dermatologist, simultaneously, and in the dermatology department, may be a possible solution to this problem. In this way, the correct psychiatric diagnosis can be made and the psychiatrist can guide the treatment from a distance. It is important to take the patient seriously by taking a detailed history and performing a thorough examination. Make sure that a good doctor/patient relationship is maintained. Examine the “parasites” that the patient has brought along to the appointment and do not directly disclose that the problem is psychological during the first visit. This reduces the chance that the patient will “shop around” and search for another specialist.
Dutch to English: Consumer Media
Source text - Dutch Nooit eerder rebelleerden prominente taalgebruikers in Nederland zo massaal tegen de officiële spelling, die op 1 augustus van het volgend jaar ingaat. De PCM-dagbladen de Volkskrant, NRC Handelsblad en Trouw doen mee aan de actie. Ook Elsevier, Vrij Nederland, HP/De Tijd en De Groene Amsterdammer zetten de hakken in het zand. Dat geldt eveneens voor de NOS en Planet Internet, een site met nieuws. De vereniging van letterkundigen ondersteunt de actie.
De aangepaste woordenlijst, het zogenoemde Groene Boekje, is het werk van de Taalunie. Dat is een overheidsorgaan waarin Nederland, Vlaanderen en Suriname samenwerken. De spellingshervorming is volgens de unie nodig omdat er na de laatste aanpassing van 1995 nog wat ‘plooien moesten worden gladgestreken’. Daarbij gaat het vooral om het ‘woordbeeld’, aldus de commissie van taalkundigen. Sommige woorden moeten voortaan met een hoofdletter worden geschreven, andere juist niet. Sommige woorden krijgen een koppelteken, andere raken dat juist kwijt.
Maar de redacties van dag- en weekbladen achten de veranderingen allesbehalve marginaal en missen de logica. Waarom krijgt sterrendom wel een tussen-n en vedettedom niet? Waarom verandert Middeleeuwen in middeleeuwen en bevrijdingsdag in Bevrijdingsdag? Waarom is een appèl voortaan een appel? ‘Er zullen allicht regels voor zijn, maar wie kan die in godsnaam onthouden’, zegt Suzanne Weusten, adjunct-hoofdredacteur van de Volkskrant. ‘We maken al zo veel fouten in de krant, met die nieuwe spelling zou het alleen maar erger worden’,aldus Folkert Jensma, hoofdredacteur van NRC Handelsblad.
Translation - English Never before have prominent linguists in The Netherlands rebelled in such numbers against the official spelling which will go into effect on August 1 of next year. The PCM newspapers, The Volkskrant, NRC Handelsblad and Trouw, are participating in the campaign. Elsevier, Vrij Nederland, HP/De Tijd and De Groene Amsterdammer are also digging in their heels. The same is true for the NOS and Planet Internet, a news website. The association of linguists supports the campaign.
The adapted word-list, the so-called Little Green Book, is the work of the Taalunie (Language Union). This is a government organization in which The Netherlands, Flanders and Suriname work together. According to the Taalunie, the spelling reform is necessary because “some wrinkles had to be ironed out” since the previous reforms in 1995. These “wrinkles” refer mostly to “word image”, according to the commission of linguists. Some words have to be written with a capital letter from now on, and others don’t. Some words acquire a hyphen, and others lose their hyphen.
But the editors of newspapers and magazines consider the changes anything but marginal, and they don’t see the logic behind the reforms. Why does “sterrendom” get an –n before -dom and “vedettedom” doesn’t? Why does “Middeleeuwen” become “middeleeuwen” and “bevrijdingsdag” become “Bevrijdingsdag”? Why is an “appèl” from now on an “appel”? “There are most likely rules for these changes, but who in god’s name can remember them,” says Suzanne Weusten, assistant editor-in-chief of the Volkskrant. “We already make so many mistakes in the newspaper--with the new spelling, it will only get worse,” claims Folkert Jensma, editor-in-chief of NRC Handelsblad.
Dutch to English: Children's Literature: Er zit een schat verborgen in jezelf Geschreven door Karel Scherpereel
Source text - Dutch Maar op eendag ging net daar iets fout.
Een van ons werd bang
En wou dat we haar kleur
Mooier vonden,
En haarzelf belangrijker,
Beter en groter.
Ze was niet groter,
Dus maakte ze ons kleiner.
Pesten en pijnigen
Met harde woorden en
Spitsvondige daden
Werden haar wapens,
Haar sterkste punten.
Maar het waren mispunten.
Translation - English But one day, something went wrong.
One of us became afraid
And she wanted us to call her color the most beautiful,
Better and brighter.
She didn’t feel big enough,
So she tried to make us smaller.
Teasing and bullying
With sharp words and sharp deeds,
These were her weapons,
Her Strong Points,
But she didn’t realize that they were her weak points, too.
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Years of experience: 17. Registered at ProZ.com: Mar 2007.
I am a freelance translator who is interested in being added to your list of Dutch to English translators. My mother tongue is English and my command of Dutch, both written and spoken, is excellent.
In addition to my thorough knowledge of Dutch, I have two bachelor’s degrees in the natural sciences; one in Biochemistry with a minor in Mathematics and the other in Human Anatomy and Physiology. This broad technical base makes me a solid candidate for translating not only in the fields of chemistry and biology, but also in medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, and ecology, among others.
In fact, my lifelong love of literature and languages and my 16-year residency in Flanders make me an excellent candidate for translation from Dutch into English in all disciplines. An avid reader and hobbyist, I have had much exposure to art, literature, and the social sciences in the course of my studies and life experiences.
My broad technical background and excellent command of English and Dutch are only part of the reasons why I am a strong candidate for a position in your freelance translating team. My writing experience is long and varied, and is another important factor in the quality of the translation work that I deliver.
In addition to the technical writing that I did at Baxter Laboratories, which had to conform to the standards of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, I am currently writing articles for publication in consumer magazines. With the help of my teacher at the Long Ridge Writer’s Group, I am polishing my skills as a writer of Creative Non-Fiction. As a result of these experiences, I understand how word choice and structure work together to bring cohesiveness to the style and voice of any piece of writing.
I have included my resume as an attachment to this letter. I hope that this will convince you of the quality of my work and my broad base of experience. I look forward to hearing from you about the possibilities of being a member of your freelance team.
Expertise