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Sample translations submitted: 5
English to Arabic: The Ombudsman Institution General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - English The Ombudsman Institution
1. JURISDICTION: MAY A MATTER BE INVESTIGATED?
Determining the Ombudsman institution’s jurisdiction is the first key step in deciding whether a complaint may be investigated. The legal basis sets for the Ombudsman institution out what is within the Ombudsman institution’s jurisdiction.
These factors determine whether a specific complaint is within the Ombudsman institution’s jurisdiction:
Who can complain: The law creating the Ombudsman institution either specifies from whom the Ombudsperson can accept complaints or limits who can complain. Generally anyone affected by acts of the authorities under the Ombudsman institution’s competence may complain.
Translation - Arabic مُؤَسّسةُ أمينِ المظالمِ
1. الاختصاصُ: جوازُ التحقيقِ في القَضايا؟
إنّ تحديدَ اختصاصِ أمينِ المظالمِ هو الخطوةُ الأساسيةُ الأولى في تقريرِ ما إذا كانتِ الشكوى تَحتمِلُ التحقيقَ. والأساسُ القانونيُّ لمؤسسةِ أمينِ المظالم هو الذي يحدِّدُ ما هو ضمنَ اختصاصِ أمينِ المظالم.
وتحدّدُ العواملُ التاليةُ ما إذا كانت شكوىً معينةٌ ضِمنَ اختصاصِ مؤسسةِ أمينِ المظالم:
مَن يمكنُهُ تقديمُ شكوى: يحدِّدُ قانونُ إِحداث مؤسسةِ أمينِ المظالمِ إما ممَّن يمكِنُ لأمينِ المظالمِ أن يقبلَ الشكاوى، أو يحدِّدُ من يمكنُهُ تقديمُ شكوى. وعموماً إنَّ أيُّ شخصٍ يتأثرُ بأفعالِ السُّلُطاتِ الخاضعةِ لولايةِ أمينِ المظالمِ بإمكانهِ تقديمُ شكوى.
Arabic to English: البخلاء General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: Poetry & Literature
Source text - Arabic كتاب البخلاء للجاحظ واحد من عيون تراث الأدب العربي، وفيه ذكر الجاحظ الكثير من الطرائف والقصص عن البخلاء وصور سلوكياتهم بطريقة فكاهية.
Translation - English Al-Bukhalaa (The Book of Misers), a book written by Al-Jahiz, is one of the masterpieces of Arabic literature. In this book, Al-Jahiz humorously tells many jokes and funny tales about misers and their behavior.
In this book, he tells the story of a Sheikh from Khorasan who was eating while a man passed by and greeted him. The Sheikh greeted the man and said:
“Come and join me.”
When the Sheikh saw the man coming towards him, the Sheikh said: “Freeze! Why in a hurry? Waste is haste!”
The man stopped. Then the Sheikh asked him, “What do you want?”
“I want to have lunch with you,” the man answered.
The Sheikh said, "How dare you covet my food?"
"You yourself have just invited me!" wondered the man.
"Woe to you! If I had known you to be that foolish, I wouldn’t have even returned your greetings. It is as simple as this: if I happen to invite you to share my meal, you should politely refuse the offer and say ‘thank you.’ You see, it is a polite exchange of words. But it would be unfair to take my words literally and come and eat my meal’.
English to Arabic: Environmental Factors that Affect Bioavailability of Nano-Ag Particles General field: Science Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Source text - English Many environmental factors could affect bioavailability of nano-Ag particles in aquatic ecosystems, including surface water chemistry (e.g., ionic strength, pH, dissolved materials) and suspended solids. Together with physicochemical properties of particles (e.g., size, shape, surface area), environmental factors influence dissolution potential, aggregation potential, resulting particle surface properties, and interactions with dissolved and particulate organic matter in surface water.
Also, the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to remove nano-Ag from sewage (and to “dispose” of it in sewage sludge) influences the overall amount of nano-Ag likely to reach surface waters.
Uncoated metallic nanoparticles released to surface waters tend to become coated with NOM quickly. In aquatic ecosystems, the organic matter usually originates from one or more of the following sources:
Translation - Arabic يمكن أن تؤثرَ عدةُ عواملَ بيئيةٍ على التوافرِ البيولوجيِّ لجزيئاتِ الفضةِ النانويةِ في النّظمِ البيئيةِ المائيةِ، بما في ذلكَ الخصائصُ الكيميائيةُ للمياهِ السطحيةِ (مثلُ القوةِ الأيونيةِ، ودرجةِ الحموضةِ، والموادِّ المُذَابةِ) والموادِّ الصلبةِ المُستَعلقةِ. إلى جانبِ خصائصِ الجزيئاتِ الفيزيائيةِ الكيميائيةِ (مثلُ الحجمِ، والشكلِ، ومساحةِ السطحِ)، تؤثرُ العواملُ البيئيةُ على إمكانيةِ التحلّلِ، واحتمالاتِ التَّجمُّعِ، وخصائصِ سطحِ الجزيئاتِ الناتجةِ، والتفاعلاتِ معَ الموادِّ العضويةِ المذابةِ والجزيئاتِ في المياهِ السطحيةِ.
كما أن قدرة محطات معالجة مياه الصّرفِ الصحيِّ على إزالة الفضة النانوية من مياه الصرفِ الصحيِّ (و"التخلصِ" منها في الحَمأَةِ ]الطينِ المترسبِ في مياهِ الصرفِ الصحّي[) تؤثرُ على الكميةِ الإجماليةِ من الفضةِ النانويةِ التي من المُرَجًّحِ أن تصلَ إلى المياهِ السطحيةِ.
تميلُ الجزيئاتُ النانويةُ المعدنيةُ غيرُ المغلفةِ، التي تُطلَقُ إلى المياهِ السطحيةِ، إلى أن تصبحَ مغلفةً بـالموادِّ العُضويةِ الطبيعيةِ. في النُّظُمِ البيئيةِ المائيةِ، تنشأُ المادةُ العضويةُ عادةً من مصدرٍ واحدٍ أو أكثرَ من المصادرِ التاليةِ:
English to Arabic: عصر النهضة General field: Other Detailed field: History
Source text - English لقد امتاز رواد هذه الحركة بأنهم أعطوها كل عناية واهتمام ولم يدّخروا شيئاً من طاقتهم، فقد درسوا كل ما وقع تحت أيديهم من الكتب اليونانية والرومانية في الجوانب العلمية والأدبية ودرسوا الآثار الفنية الباقية. وقد امتازت هذه الحركة بأن هؤلاء العلماء لم يكن دورهم هو مجرد نقل بقايا هذه الحضارة القديمة، فقد عدلوا ما رأوا تعديله وأضافوا ما يجب إضافته، والأكثر من ذلك هو أنهم أضفوا شخصيتهم وآراءهم على هذه العلوم بمختلف مجالاتها، ومن ثم أبدعوا فأحدثوا نهضة جديدة.
حينئذٍ عُرفت هذه الحركة وسُمّيت "بالإحياء" "Renaissanse" حيث كان روادها يعتبرون الفترة التي سبقتها بفترة سكون وجمود ويجب انتشال الإنسان وإحياؤه منها، وكانوا يؤمنون بأن الحضارة الحقة قد اندثرت بعد سقوط الامبراطورية الرومانية العريقة، وقد عادت إلى الوجود مرةً أخرى على أيديهم، والواقع أنه توافر لهذه الحركة مجموعة من العوامل ساعدت على بعثها، ومن هذه العوامل:
1) الصلات الثقافية بين أوروبا الغربية ومراكز الحضارة الإسلامية وهي:
بلاد الشرق الأدنى: وهي التي تعرضت للحملات الصليبية والتي استمرت لقرابة قرنين من الزمان وكان ذلك خلال فترة العصور الوسطى المتأخرة، وفي هذه الفترة كانت أوروبا تسير بخطى بطيئة في ظلمات الجهل، في الوقت الذي كانت فيه الحضارة الإسلامية تسير بخطى ثابتة في طريق تقدم العلوم والفنون والرياضيات والفلك والجغرافيا والتاريخ وما إلى ذلك من جوانب العلوم المختلفة. وهنا يجب أن نذكر أن الفضل في حفظ بقايا الحضارة الرومانية واليونانية إنما هو قسمة بين ثلاثة أطراف وهم:
1- الكنيسة الكاثوليكية في الغرب.
2- العلماء المسلمون، حيث نشطت حركة الترجمة عن العلوم في العصر الأول للخلافة العباسية حتى قيل: إن الخليفة العباسية المأمون كان يقدر ما يترجم لصاحبه بوزنه ذهباً. ومن العلوم التي حظيت بعناية العرب في ذلك الوقت علم الفلك، وظهرت مجموعات من
العرب اعتمدوا على الفلسفة في مناقشاتهم ومجادلاتهم، ومن ذلك جماعة المعتزلة.
3- أمّا الطرف الثالث الذي يرجع إليه الفضل في حفظ بقايا الحضارة اليونانية والرومانية هي بيزنطة والقسطنطينية بما نقلوه إليها من هذه الحضارة.
Translation - Arabic European historians used to call the movement of rebirth of science and literature (The Renaissance). While scholars in the Middle Ages misused the fields of science at their time because they subjected them to their opinions, which they thought to be supreme at the time, neglected some of these fields in accordance with the opinion of the hegemonic class or the clergy, Renaissance scholars did quite the opposite.
The pioneers of this movement devoted all their time and energy to it, and they saved no efforts to support it. They studied every single Greek and Roman book, whether scientific or literary, as well as the surviving works of art. These scholars did not only transfer what is left from that ancient civilization, but they also edited and added to it at their discretion. Moreover, they contributed their opinions and views to the different branches of science, and then they created more and opened the door for a new rebirth of knowledge.
This movement was called "rebirth” or “Renaissance," and its pioneers considered the era before it as one dominated by stagnancy and inactivity which people should be saved from. They also believed that true civilization ended with the fall of the ancient Roman Empire. They also thought that they were the reason behind its revival. In fact, a range of key factors led to this rebirth. Among these factors are:
1) The cultural affinities between Western Europe and the Islamic civilization centers:
Near East countries: they were stricken by the Crusades that lasted approximately for two centuries during the late period of the Middle Ages. At that time, Europe was drowning slowly int a sea of ignorance, while the Islamic civilization was developing steadily in the fields of science, arts, mathematics, geography, history, and astronomy in addition to other branches of knowledge. The credit for saving what is left from the Roman and Greek civilizations goes to three sources:
1- The Catholic Church in the west.
2- Muslim scholars: translation of different sciences became very popular during the early period of the Abbasid Caliphate. It was said that the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mamoun used to pay for translators an amount of gold equal to the weight of paper they wrote on. One of the sciences that Arabs were interested in at that time was astronomy. Moreover, a group of Arabs emerged that relied on philosophy in their discussions and debates. An example of this trend is Al Mu'tazilah school.
3- The third source is Byzantium and Constantinople which kept the works of Roman and Greek civilizations which Arab scholars transferred.
Arabic to English: Aleppo General field: Other Detailed field: Tourism & Travel
Source text - Arabic حلب: حلب الشهباء، من أقدم المدن المأهولة حتى اليوم. تقع شمالي سوريا وترتفع عن سطح البحر ثلاثمئة وستين م وهي اليوم المدينة الثانية في سورية. استوطنها الناس منذ العصر الحجري ولا تزال المغارات التي حفرها الإنسان القديم في منطقة الكلاسة. يقال أن اسمها يعني مكان التجمع أو مكان القلب. أما لقبها الشهباء فهو عائد لأحجارها الكلسية. وهي مركز تجاري رئيسي بين الشرق وأوروبا كونها محطة هامة في طريق الحرير. تأتي حلب في مقدمة المدن السورية من حيث البناء، فهي تشتهر بأحجارها الكلسية البيضاء والصفراء والبازلتية السوداء. أشهر معالمها قلعتها الكبيرة وسورها وأبوابها. كما أنها من أغنى المدن بالجوامع والمدارس القديمة. وتشتهر أيضا بسوقها الكبير ذي الأسقف الاسطوانية والعقود الضخمة ويبلغ مجموع أطواله أكثر من عشرة كيلومترات من الأسواق والخانات العامة والمتخصصة. كما فيها عدد كبير من الحمامات القديمة.
قلعة حلب: من أهم القلاع في سورية. تقع على هضبة طبيعية وقد شيد عليها الكثير من المعابد منذ العصور القديمة. أصبحت في العهد البيزنطي ومن ثم الإسلامي قلعة دفاعية حصينة وملجأ لأهل المدينة من الأخطار، حيث تنافس الملوك والأمراء المسلمون في تحصينها والعناية بها. بلغت ذروة مجدها في عهد الملك الظاهر غازي ابن صلاح الدين الأيوبي، فأصبحت إعجازا معماريا في فن التحصين العسكري وأصبحت وحدة متكاملة من حياة مدنية معززة بالمنشآت العسكرية. تعرضت لهجمات عديدة دمرتها وخربتها، كما تأثرت بالزلازل العنيفة التي مرت عليها، وقد سلمت من الهدم الكثير من منشاتها كمداخلها وأبوابها، وقاعة العرش، والقصر الملكي، ومسجدها الكبير، والحمامات والمستودعات والسجن. والقلعة محاطة بخندق يملأ بالماء عند الحاجة.
أسواق حلب: تعود للألف الرابع قبل الميلاد وهي مجموعة من الأسواق والخانات المبنية على طرفي الشارع القديم الواصل بين القلعة وباب إنطاكية. عددها سبع وثلاثون سوق بمجموع أطوال خمسة عشر كم. كانت سقوفها من القصب والحصر إلى أن احترقت فبنيت سقوف بديعة بنظام إضاءة وتهوية مدروس.
Translation - English Aleppo al-Shahba is one of the most ancient cities still inhabited today. It is located in the north of Syria, 360 meter above sea level. It is the second most important city in Syria. It was inhabited first in the Stone Age, and the caves which ancient men carved still exist in Al-Kalasa. The word “Aleppo” is said to mean “the place of gathering,” “the heart,” or “the core.” The name “Shahba” is due to Aleppo’s stones. Aleppo is a major commercial centre which links the Orient and Europe because it is an important station in the Silk Road. Aleppo is the first city in Syria in terms of buildings. It is known for its white and yellow lime stones and black basalt stones. The most notable sights in Aleppo are its huge citadel, fence, and gates. In addition, it is one of the richest cities in mosques and ancient schools. Moreover, Aleppo is famous for its big market (“Suk”) which has slender roofs and huge pillars. This Suk comprises more than ten kilometres of markets, public and private inns, and ancient baths.
Aleppo Citadel is one of the most important citadels in Syria. It is located on a natural hill on which many temples were founded ever since antiquity. During the Byzantine era and the Islamic era, Aleppo Citadel became a strongly fortified defensive citadel and a shelter to which citizens resorted in times of danger. The Islamic kings and princes did their best to fortify and preserve it. It reached the peak of its glory in the reign of King al-Zaher Ghazi, son of Saladin al-Ayoubi, when it became an architectural wonder in the art of military fortification. It also formed one unit of civil life supported by military foundations. It was exposed to many attacks which spoiled and destroyed it. It was also struck by many earthquakes. Some parts survived such hazards, for example, its gates, entrances, the throne hall, the royal palace, the great mosque, the baths, the storerooms, and the prison house. The citadel is surrounded by a trench which was filled by water as the need arose.
Aleppo markets date back to 4th millennium BC. There are a group of markets and khans built on the sides of the old street between the citadel and Bab Antakya. They are 37 markets (15km in total length.) Their roofs were made of sticks and carpets, and after being burnt, these roofs were re-constructed with a well-designed respiratory and light system.
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Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2020.
English to Arabic (Association des Traducteurs dans l'Union des ةcrivains Arabes) English to Arabic (Association des Traducteurs dans l'Union des ةcrivains Arabes) Arabic to English (Association des Traducteurs dans l'Union des ةcrivains Arabes)
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Adobe Acrobat, MateCat, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, ProZ.com Translation Center, Trados Studio
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Bio
I am a
professional translator with vast experience in translation. I have been working as a freelance
translator for more than ten years, during which I worked with many translation
agencies, such as Bridge and Al-Arabi.
I have translated
documents from English into Arabic and from Arabic into English in different
fields, mainly medical, legal, governmental, and literary. I also co-translated
a published book entitled Syria Gate about the history of Syria.
I am a very good
user of CAT tools, especially Trados and Memo Q. I have completed many courses
in CAT tools, and have a certificate in Introduction to Memo Q.
In addition, I
have been a teacher of English as a Foreign Language for more than twenty
years. The courses that I have taught include General English, IELTS, TOEFL,
Teacher Training, Translation, Business English, Commercial Correspondence, and
Speaking. I taught all levels from beginner to advanced, using books from
well-known publishers, such as Oxford University Press, Cambridge University
Press, Collins, and Cengage.
I have an MA in
Translation and Arabization. I also have a Diploma in
Literary Studies and a BA in English Language and Literature. In addition, I completed two online courses: Master TEFL from Global English, London and a
Certificate in TESOL from Arizona State University.
Furthermore, I
have excellent computer skills. I have an ICDL(English Version 5). I am a
professional user of Microsoft Office programmes, andI am familiar with most
electronic officeequipment.
Translation is my passion. My clients generally use "quality" and punctuality" to refer to my work.
Keywords: Translation from English to Arabic and from Arabic to English
Editing and proofreading
Expertise