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English to Arabic: Historical and literary Translation General field: Other Detailed field: History
Source text - English The Art of War
Chapter I
Laying Plans
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance
to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road
either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of
inquiry which can on no account be neglected. The
art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors,
to be taken into account in one’s deliberations, when
seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the
field. These are:
The Moral Law; Heaven; Earth;The Commander;
Method and discipline.
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so
that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.
Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.
Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground
and narrow passes; the chances of life and death. The Commander stands for
the virtues of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and strictness.
By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its
proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military
expenditure.
These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be
victorious; he who knows them not will fail. Therefore, in your deliberations, when
seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a
comparison, in this wise:--
Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law?
Which of the two generals has most ability?
With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth?
On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced?
Which army is stronger?
On which side are officers and men more highly trained?
In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?
By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such
a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor
acts upon it, will suffer defeat: - let such a one be dismissed!
While heeding the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful
circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules. According as circumstances
are favorable, one should modify one’s plans.
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem
unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we
must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make
him believe we are near. Hold out baits to entice the enemy.
Translation - Arabic الفصـل األول
التقديرات األولية
إن الحرب هي أهم شؤون الدولة فهي مسألة حياة أو موت، وهي الطريق إلى النجاة أو إلى
الهالك، ولذا ينبغي تحليلها والتمعن فيها. بناء على ذلك، تتكون الحرب من العوامل الخمسة
التالية ويجب على من يكون طرفا فيها أن يقيم هذه العوامل من خالل تقديره وبحثه لطبيعة هذه
السماء )الطقس( األرض )التضاريس( القادة ،(Tao العوامل الخمسة وهي: القانون األخالقي )تاو
. وقوانين التنظيم والعلم العسكري
القانون األخالقي هو المسبب لتوافق ما بين المحكومين والحاكم، ولذلك سيتبع الشعب
.الحاكم بدون تردد أو خوف من العواقب
لنهار( والبرودة والحرارة، وتعاقب األوقاتsيشتمل عامل السماء على الين )الليل( و يانج )ا
.والفصول األربعة، وتأثير ذلك كله على مجريات الحرب
تشير األرض إلى المرتفعات والمنخفضات، و القرب والبعد، الوعر والبسط، الوسع والضيق
.والتضاريس المهلكة والمحصنة
.يشير القائد إلى الحكمة والمصداقية والكرم والشجاعة والحزم
تشير قوانين التنظيم والعلم العسكري إلى التنظيم واللوائح وحسن القيادة وإدارة نقل الجنود
وتموينهم. تعد هذه العوامل الخمس من الثوابت العسكرية التي يجب أن يكون كل قائد عسكري
.على دراية تامة بها. ومن يتبعها يرفع رايات النصر ومن يتجاهلها يواجه ويالت الهزيمة
هكذا، عند تقييم حالة المعركة من خالل التقديرات في محاولة الستنتاج طبيعة العوامل فعليك
: أن تتسأل
أي من الحكام يتبع القانون األخالقي؟
أي من القادة أكثر حنكه؟
أي من الطرفين يستغل عاملي السماء واألرض؟
أي من الطرفين تطبق أوامره وقوانينه بحذافيرها؟
أي الجيشين أقوى
ً أي منهما يكون ضباطه وجنوده أكثر تدريبا ؟
ً أيهما أكثر التزاما بمبدأ الثواب والعقاب؟
.بواسطة هذه األسئلة نعرف من المنتصر من المهزوم
القادة الذين يتبعون طرق تقديري عند توظيفها ـ ينتصرون بكل تأكيد ويحتفظون بمواقعهم
القيادية. القادة الذين ال يتبعون طرق تقديري عند توظيفها ـ سيهزمون بكل تأكيد، ولهذا ال
.يستحقون البقاء في مناصبهم
بعد تقييمك للمميزات وفقا إلتباع ما سمعت، قم بتوظيفهم مع استغالل القوة اإلستراتيجية
المحكومة بتكتيكات أرض المعركة التي تخضع للعوامل الخارجية. تستمد القوة اإلستراتيجية
.من عدم توازن القوة التكتيكي وفقا للمكاسب التي يمكن تحقيقها
الحرب خدعة . لذلك
.عندما تكون قادرا على الهجوم، تظاهر بالضعف
،وعندما تحرك القوات ـ تظاهر بالسكون
وعندما تقترب من تحقيق هدفك ـ تظاهر بأنه بعيد
.عندما يكون الهدف بعيد تظاهر بأنه قريب
أجعل مكاسبهم فخا لهم
English to Arabic: Legal Translation General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - English First: Referral & Abidance
In terms of the dispute merits, the Original Defendant (Counter Plaintiff) refers to the response
memorandum submitted thereby in response to the
lawsuit and all other memoranda submitted to the
honorable court. The Original Defendant upholds
all aspects of previous defense memoranda and
deems all of the said as an integral, supplementary
and complementary part hereof.
Even if it is hypothetically assumed that the claims of force majeure demonstrated by the Defendant are valid (and such hypothesis is not a fact), yet the Defendant did not comply with the terms and procedures enforced thereby on the
Plaintiffs pursuant to the sale contract. Article (16) of the sale contract stipulated
that in the event an act of force majeure takes place, the Defendant shall notify
the Plaintiff of the reason for such force majeure and determine the deadline of
fulfilling the contractual liabilities.
The Defendant denies and contests the documents submitted in the lawsuit for
being merely photocopies of customary documents of no value in evidencing.
Dubai Court of Cassation previously adjudicated that photocopies of documents
shall be overruled if contested by the litigant (Appeal No.157 of 2004 Labor,
hearing dated 11/01/2004) where it was resolved:
“It is established hereby that photocopies of official documents shall not be perused as evidence unless such photocopies are duly official in accordance with
Articles (9) and (10) of Evidence Law. Being merely photocopies does not qualify
the same as evidence if the opponent objects to the same. It is stipulated under
Civil Procedures Law that upon disputing the validity of photocopies, the court
schedules the nearest hearing to provide the originals”.
Whenever the employer demonstrates reasons for terminating the employment
of the employees, it shall be assumed to be a legitimate reason, and the employer shall not be liable to prove the validity thereof. However, the evidencing burden shall be incurred by the employee who shall prove that such termination is
an arbitrary dismissal or is not justified. This is due to the fact that the foundation
of evidencing arbitration is incurred upon whoever claims the same or claims the
invalidity of the reasons on which the employer relies.
Translation - Arabic إحالة وتمسك
أوال
ً( في شأن وقائع النزاع الى ما سبق
ً تحيل المدعى عليها أصليا )المدعية تقابال
إبدائه منها بمذكرتها الجوابية على الدعوى وبكافة مذكراتها الالحقة المقدمة
ً أمام هذه المحكمة الموقرة وتتمسك المدعى عليها أصليا بكل ما ورد بمذكراتها
السابقة من دفاع وتعتبر كل ما سبق تقديمه وإبدائه جزء ال يتجزأ من دفاعها الوارد
ً ً ومتمما له
بهذه المذكرة ومكمال
مع افتراض صحة زعم المدعى عليها )واالفتراض عكس الحقيقة( بحدوث واقعة
تشكل قوة قاهرة، إال أن المدعى عليها لم تلتزم بالشروط واإلجراءات التي أملتها
هي على المدعيين بموجب عقد البيع. إذا حددت الفقرة )16 )من عقد البيع أنه في
حال حدوث أي واقعة تشكل قوة قاهرة فعلى المدعى عليها إخطار المدعي بذلك
ً يقتضي تفصيل الحالة التي أفضت إلى القوة القاهرة وتحديد موعد للوفاء
إخطارا
بالتزاماتها التعاقدية
ً
تنكر المدعى عليها وتجحد المستندات المقدمة في هذه الدعوى لكونها صورا
ضوئية لمستندات عرفية ال قيمة لها في اإلثبات. فقد استقر قضاء محكمة التمييز
بدبي على عدم قبول صور المستندات طالما جحدها الخصم، وذلك في الطعن
: رقم 157 لسنة 2004( عمالي( بجلسة 11 /1 /2004 ،حيث تقرر انه
من المقرر في قضاء هذه المحكمة أنه ال حجية لصور األوراق الرسمية إال إذا »
ً كانت هذه الصور بذاتها رسمية طبقا لنص المادتين )9 )و ) 10 )من قانون اإلثبات،
أما صورتها الضوئية فال حجية لها إذا اعترض الخصم على صالحيتها إلثبات ما
تضمنته. وقد ورد في قانون اإلجراءات المدنية أنه عند المنازعة في صحة صور
«.المستندات، تحدد المحكمة أقرب جلسة لتقديم أصولها
ً متى أبدى صاحب العمل سببا إلنهاء خدمة العامل لديه فيفترض انه سبب مشروع
وليس عليه اثبات صحته وانما ينتقل عبئ االثبات الى العامل الذي يقع عليه ان
ً يثبت ان فصله من العمل كان تعسفيا او لم يكن بمبرر مشروع، ألن االصل في اثبات
التعسف انه يقع على عاتق من يدعيه من تعسف او عدم صحة السبب الذي استند
اليه صاحب العمل
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Bachelor's degree - American University
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Years of experience: 22. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2019. Became a member: Dec 2019.
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Bio
TransHome was first introduced to the Egyptian local market as a small business venture in February 2002 and launched in Cairo. The company started as a small office with limited functionality, and the pioneers focused the efforts on translating patents, shipping and legal documents. Later on, the owners began to streamline the operations by appointing a team of freelancers with different specializations to cover up the market needs.
By May 2005, a network of clients was established, and TransHome built several business ties with many embassies including the US and Australian embassies. This political-business move encouraged the owners to start considering regional expansion. Later that year, the owners decided to move to Dubai with the aim of exploring a multinational hub which naturally requires cultural facilitators for both business and communication various needs.
After accomplishing several projects for major government and private sector entities, TransHome considered the establishment of a business branch in Dubai to act as a regional hub for translation and cultural communication in the region. Dubai office was inaugurated in November 2011.
TransHome ambitious plans target the largest segment of the business community in UAE, Gulf and MENA region.
Member since Dec '19
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