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English to Indonesian: Is Saudi Arabia on the Brink of Bankruptcy General field: Other Detailed field: Geography
Source text - English in June of 2014 a single barrel of oil
cost one hundred and fourteen dollars
today the price is just fifty dollars
this drop is far beyond the usual
fluctuations of the price of this raw
material and beyond the predictions of
pessimistic defenders of the Peak Oil
Theory these theories that we are about
to have a severe shortage because
petroleum is always running out more
slowly good producer but making long
tires and ligands of its kind the truth
is that there are many different factors
that suggest that the price of petroleum
is going to remain low for quite some
time this is mainly due to two reasons
the first is the constant improvement of
energy efficiency meaning that we have a
lesser need for energy this is logical
when you think of the group of ofed
countries that's the world's wealthiest
countries are using the same amount of
primary energy as they used in the year
2000 but they are producing 30% more the
u.s. is the biggest market with 40,000
plug-in cars purchased there in the
first six months of this year a second
reason is innovation and technological
development a field of expertise that is
inherent to human evolution this is a
development that has occurred on two
fronts both fossil fuels as well as
renewable energies the best example of
this might be fracking this is a
technology that has provided the world
with a large amount of oil as well as a
natural gas in fact this technology
alone has led to the u.s. doubling its
oil production and currently that
country is producing more oil than it
has since in 1970 now on the other hand
the ecological impacts of fracking is a
highly controversial topic that's that's
something we're going to address in a
later video
now the reduced price of oil has been an
incredible setback for Persian Gulf
countries where 85% of their revenue
relies on this resort
[Music]
after until now this has allowed for the
payment of all kinds of bills citizens
have got use to high levels of subsidies
and allowances while also getting used
to not having to pay any taxes oil has
subsidized everything water electricity
fuel low-interest loans and citizens
have also got used to the idea that they
have a right to a well-paid civil
service job
[Music]
furthermore countries in the Persian
Gulf have got used to spending an
enormous amount of money on gun in fact
they have spent so much money on
weaponry that Saudi Arabia now spends
more on its military than Russia this
makes it the country with the third
largest military budget globally
[Music]
so that we all know the oil money has
paid for Pro Atlantic campaigns all
around the world
however these pre-existing policies have
become completely unsustainable due to
the drop in the price of oil in fact in
2015 alone oil-producing countries lost
three hundred and sixty billion dollars
in oil revenue and this is all because
of the harder' drop in the price of oil
now don't get me wrong they do still get
an enormous amount of money from oil
Saudi Arabia for example gets around
five thousand five hundred dollars per
capita from its black gold
must-have despite this still significant
amount of income they are unable to
maintain all of the subsidies that they
have established because of this
changing scenario all countries in the
Persian Gulf are announcing ambitious
plans to diversify their economies this
will allow them to get some distance
from the economies completely relying on
oil they are looking to follow Dubai as
example which has been one of the only
countries to successfully transition
away from a totally oil-based economy in
the last 40 years
[Music]
because of this diversification away
from oil the Emirates is becoming a
world leader in terms of tourism trade
and logistics
tens of billions of dollars are being
invested into Qatar with the hope that
it will become an economy of knowledge
they proudly show off their education
city development a huge educational
complex where some of the most
prestigious schools in the world can be
found there are also notable researchers
working there with budgets that seem
almost infinite however the most
archetypical case is the one we find in
Saudi Arabia one of the world's most
suffocating and terrifying countries
human rights in Saudi Arabia are nothing
more than an illusion women are forced
to marry underage and they can't even
drive further dozens of executions occur
every year and torture is quite routine
blasphemy homosexual acts treason and
murder are punishable by death through
beheading in Saudi Arabia and Islamic
state further the country has even
banned theaters and nightclubs in Saudi
Arabia religion and fundamentalism are
more important than anything else but
the economic crisis cannot be escaped
and today they are facing a very complex
situation in 2015 the deficit was 15% of
the GDP and this continued into 2016
this is threatening to swallow up all of
the money that they saved during the
Black Gold year further unemployment is
becoming a major concern and this is no
more true than among young people
the unemployment rate is currently
sitting for young people at around 40%
this is why in April 2016 Prince
Mohammed Bill Salman the strongest man
in the kingdom announced an ambitious
reform plan known as Saudi vision 2030
the goal of this reform plan is nothing
less than to transform the country's
economy completely say look this is a
good plan we need to diversify away
because of necessity otherwise the
country will have far more difficulties
in the years to come the plan aims to
achieve total independence from oil by
2020 and become one of the most globally
competitive economies by 2030 the first
step of this starts by privatizing
Aramco this is one of the world's
largest companies which controls 10
percent of global oil production the
company is estimated
value is five times that of Apple with
all the money from that privatization
addition of foreign reserve other
privatizations of public companies and
it's real estate Saudi Arabia wants to
generate a sovereign wealth fund of two
trillion dollars
this will allow them to get a more
predictable and stable income than they
are currently getting from oil they also
want to eliminate many of the subsidies
that are currently threatening their
economy and investing new sectors like
mining finance and importantly the
military industry uber is getting a
three and a half billion dollar
investment from Saudi Arabia's public
investment fund new taxes are also going
to be introduced as another method of
earning for the government the prince
also wants to change the higher
educational system which is currently
closer to the Quran and developers to
meet modern market requirement but the
big question has to be is Saudi Arabia
going to succeed it is no easy task for
a country to quickly become an
industrial power and it is unlikely the
tourists are going to be drawn to a
country which these people regularly
stoned for homosexuality or adultery
however all of that said Saudi Arabia's
success will benefit the world no matter
how repulsive we personally find their
policies seventy percent of the Saudi
population is under 30 years old and
over the next ten years they're going to
require two million jobs we all know
that when frustration unemployment and
religious fundamentalism add up the
consequences can be truly dangerous to
all the body has proved that moderation
and capitalism can lead to changes in
fundamentalist regimes we can only hope
that Saudi Arabia can successfully
follow the example that has been set by
Dubai but that is our opinion here at
visual politic we want to know what you
think do you think Saudi Arabia will
succeed do you think it will
successfully follow the examples that
are since set by Dubai do you think that
capitalism can encourage moderation in
countries like Saudi Arabia do let us
know your opinion in the comments below
we're looking forward to reading them
and if you did like this video why don't
you give it a thumbs up below it really
helps us out and don't forget subscribe
to put our brand new videos just like
this every Monday and every Thursday so
if you subscribe you won't miss any of
those and I'll see you next time
Translation - Indonesian [Musik]
(Simon Whistler/SW) Pada Juni 2014, satu barel minyak berharga $ 114, sedangkan hari ini hanya $ 50. Penurunan harga ini jauh melampaui fluktuasi umum harga bahan baku tersebut serta prediksi para pembela Teori Minyak Puncak yang pesimistis. Teori ini mengatakan bahwa kita akan mengalami kelangkaan parah karena cadangan minyak bumi memang selalu berkurang.
(M. King Hubbert, 1976) Puncak diperkirakan akan terjadi pada 1995 dan setelahnya akan terdapat penurunan.
(SW) Faktanya adalah, ada banyak faktor yang justru mengindikasikan bahwa harga minyak bumi tidak akan naik untuk sementara waktu. Ada dua alasan yang mendasari indikasi ini. Yang pertama adalah peningkatan efisiensi energi secara konstan, yang berarti bahwa kita membutuhkan lebih sedikit energi. Adalah logis ketika kita memperhatikan bahwa grup negara OECD—negara-negara terkaya di dunia—menggunakan sejumlah energi primer yang sama dengan yang mereka gunakan di tahun 2000 saat produksi mereka 30% lebih banyak.
(Euronews) AS adalah pasar terbesar dengan 40.000 mobil listrik terjual di sana dalam semester pertama tahun ini.
(SW) Alasan kedua adalah inovasi dan perkembangan teknologi—sebuah bidang keahlian yang terkait erat dengan evolusi manusia. Inovasi yang saya maksud adalah inovasi yang berlangsung di dua lini, baik di lini bahan bakar fosil maupun energi terbarukan. Contoh terbaik inovasi ini, mungkin, adalah ‘fracking’. Fracking adalah teknologi yang telah menyediakan sejumlah besar minyak serta gas alam bagi dunia. Nyatanya, teknologi ini saja sudah memampukan AS untuk menggandakan produksi minyaknya. AS saat ini memproduksi lebih banyak minyak daripada yang ia pernah produksi sejak 1970. Di lain pihak, dampak ekologis fracking sangatlah kontroversial. Topik ini akan kita bahas di video selanjutnya. Kini, harga minyak yang turun menjadi tantangan dahsyat bagi negara-negara Teluk Persia di mana 85% pendapatan mereka bergantung pada sumber daya tersebut.
[Musik]
Sampai sekarang, sumber daya tersebut telah memungkinkan pembayaran segala jenis tagihan. Masyarakat sudah terlalu akrab dengan tingkat subsidi dan daya beli yang tinggi sedangkan di saat bersamaan juga terbiasa dengan ketidakharusan membayar pajak apapun. Minyak telah menyubsidi segala hal: air, listrik, bahan bakar, pinjaman berbunga rendah. Masyarakat juga akrab dengan gagasan bahwa mereka berhak untuk menjadi pegawai negeri bergaji tinggi.
[Musik]
Lebih jauh lagi, negara-negara di Teluk Persia juga terbiasa menghamburkan uang untuk senjata. Faktanya, mereka telah menghabiskan sangat banyak dana untuk persenjataan sampai-sampai Arab Saudi kini menghabiskan lebih banyak dana untuk militernya dibanding Rusia. Hal ini menyebabkan Saudi menduduki peringkat ketiga sebagai negara dengan anggaran militer terbesar.
[Musik]
Kita juga tahu bahwa uang hasil dari minyak digunakan untuk membiayai kampanye pro Islam di seluruh dunia. Meski begitu, kebijakan-kebijakan ini tidaklah berkelanjutan lagi oleh sebab jatuhnya harga minyak. Nyatanya, pada 2015 saja, negara-negara penghasil minyak rugi $ 360 milyar dari penjualan minyak. Dan ini semua disebabkan oleh jatuhnya harga minyak yang lebih tajam. Tapi jangan salah paham, mereka masih memperoleh penghasilan yang sangat besar dari minyak. Arab Saudi, misalnya, mendapat $ 5.500 per kapita dari ‘emas hitam’-nya. Dibalik pendapatan yang besar ini, mereka tidak mampu mempertahankan subsidi-subdisi yang telah lama mereka tetapkan. Karena skenario yang berubah ini, seluruh negara di Teluk Persia mengumumkan rencana ambisius, yakni mendiversifikasi ekonomi mereka. Hal tersebut akan memungkinkan mereka untuk menghindari ekonomi yang sepenuhnya bergantung minyak. Mereka akan meniru Dubai, misalnya, yang telah menjadi satu-satunya negara yang sukses bertransisi dari ekonomi yang seluruhnya berbasis minyak dalam 40 tahun terakhir.
[Musik]
Karena diversifikasi yang menjauhi minyak ini, Emirat telah menjadi teladan dunia dalam turisme, perdagangan dan logistik.
[Musik]
Puluhan milyar dolar telah diinvestasikan di Qatar dengan harapan bahwa investasi tersebut akan menjadi ‘ekonomi pengetahuan’. Mereka dengan bangga memamerkan perkembangan kota pendidikan mereka—sebuah kompleks pendidikan besar tempat beberapa kampus paling bergengsi di dunia dapat ditemukan. Terdapat juga para periset terkemuka yang bekerja di sana dengan anggaran yang tampak hampir tak terbatas. Meski demikian, ada contoh paling arketipal yang dapat kita lihat di Arab Saudi—salah satu negara yang paling menyesakkan dan mengerikan. HAM, di Arab Saudi, hanya sekadar ilusi. Para wanita dipaksa menikah di bawah umur dan mereka bahkan dilarang menyetir. Lebih parahnya lagi, lusinan eksekusi dilaksanakan setiap tahun dan penyiksaan adalah hal yang cukup rutin.
(RT) Penistaan agama, perbuatan homoseksual, pengkhianatan dan pembunuhan diganjar dengan hukuman mati, tepatnya hukum penggal, di Arab Saudi dan negara Islam lain.
(SW) Lebih jauh lagi, negara ini bahkan melarang bioskop dan klub malam. Di Arab Saudi, agama dan fundamentalisme lebih penting dari apapun.
[Musik]
Tapi krisis ekonomi mereka tidak bisa dihindari dan kini, mereka menghadapi situasi yang sangat rumit. Pada 2015, terjadi defisit GDP sebesar 15% dan hal ini terus berlanjut sampai 2016. Situasi ini mengancam karena bisa menelan seluruh penghematan anggaran yang mereka upayakan sepanjang Tahun Emas Hitam. Lebih jauh lagi, PHK menjadi perhatian besar dan hal ini paling dirasakan oleh kaum muda. Tingkat pengangguran kaum muda kini berada di kisaran 40%. Inilah mengapa pada April 2016, Pangeran Mohammed bin Salman, orang paling berpengaruh di kerajaan tersebut, mengumumkan rencana reformasi ambisius yang disebut sebagai Visi Saudi 2030. Rencana reformasi ini, tak kurang, bertujuan untuk mengubah sepenuhnya ekonomi negara.
(Bloomberg) Perhatikan, ini adalah awal yang bagus. Kita perlu berdiversifikasi karena situasi mendesak. Jika tidak, negara ini justru akan lebih kesulitan di tahun-tahun mendatang.
(SW) Rencana tersebut bertujuan untuk meraih kemandirian total dari minyak pada 2020 serta perubahan menuju ekonomi paling kompetitif secara global pada 2030. Langkah pertama untuk mewujudkannya adalah dengan memprivatisasi Aramco. Aramco adalah salah satu perusahaan terbesar di dunia yang mengontrol 10% produksi minyak dunia. Nilai perusahaan ini diperkirakan lima kali lebih besar dari Apple. Dengan seluruh uang dari privatisasi tersebut, ditambah dengan cadangan asing, privatisasi perusahaan negeri lain dan hunian mewahnya, Arab Saudi berniat untuk membangun kekayaan asing sejumlah $ 2 triliun.
[Musik]
Ini memungkinkan mereka untuk meraup pendapatan yang lebih terkirakan dan stabil daripada pendapatan yang mereka dapatkan sekarang dari minyak. Mereka juga ingin menghapuskan banyak subsidi yang saat ini mengancam ekonomi mereka, serta berinvestasi pada sektor-sektor baru seperti pertambangan, keuangan dan, yang paling penting, industri militer.
(Fox Business) Uber menerima investasi $ 3,5 milyar dari pendanaan investasi publik Arab Saudi.
(SW) Pajak baru juga sedang disosialisasikan sebagai metode lain pemerintah untuk memperoleh pendapatan. Sang pangeran juga ingin merombak sistem pendidikan tinggi yang sampai sekarang sangat Qur’ani untuk kemudian mengembangkannya menyesuaikan kebutuhan pasar. Tapi pertanyaan yang mendasar adalah apakah Arab Saudi akan berhasil. Tidaklah mudah bagi sebuah negara untuk menjadi kekuatan industri dalam waktu sekejap dan tampaknya akan sulit untuk menarik turis ke negara yang secara rutin melempari batu ke para pelaku homoseksualitas dan zina. Meski demikian, keberhasilan Arab Saudi akan menguntungkan dunia, tak peduli betapa menjijikkannya kebijakan-kebijakan mereka menurut kita. Tujuh puluh persen populasi Saudi berusia di bawah 30 tahun dan sampai 10 tahun lagi, mereka akan membutuhkan 2 juta pekerjaan. Kita tahu bahwa ketika frustrasi akibat pengangguran dan fundamentalisme agama saling bertindihan, konsekuensi yang terjadi akan sangat berbahaya untuk semua pihak. Dubai telah membuktikan bahwa moderasi dan kapitalisme dapat menuntun kepada perubahan dalam rezim fundamentalis. Kita hanya dapat berharap bahwa Arab Saudi dapat sukses mengikuti apa yang dicontohkan Dubai. Tapi itu semua hanya pendapat kami di sini di Visual Politic. Kita ingin tahu apa pendapatmu. Apakah kamu berpikir Saudi akan berhasil? Apakah negara ini akan berhasil meniru apa yang telah dicontohkan Dubai? Apakah menurut kamu kapitalisme dapat mendorong moderasi di negara seperti Arab Saudi? Beritahu kami pendapatmu di kolom komentar di bawah. Kami akan membaca semua pendapat kalian. Dan jika kalian suka video ini, kenapa tidak pencet like di bawah? Like kalian akan sangat membantu kami. Dan jangan lupa untuk subscribe agar kalian tidak ketinggalan video-video seperti ini setiap Senin dan Kamis. Sampai jumpa lagi.
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Years of experience: 5. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2019.
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Bio
An Indonesian-English-Mandarin freelancer
I am a Taiwan-based English-Mandarin-Indonesian freelancer [translator (mostly) writer, proofreader, etc.] that is specialized in science and technology with a six months experience of translating various documents, mainly subtitles and short texts. I consider myself as a multi-skilled translator with proven ability to translate written documents with consideration on quality and natural translation.
I enjoy long-term working relationship with clients and I embrace challenges when they surge, and at the same time I am fully aware of professional responsibilities. I would like to enhance my expertise and broaden my experience by working in a projects that enable me to develop myself.
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I am more than ready to serve you the best of quality.
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