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English to Indonesian: Post-urbanism: Rem Koolhas’ Writing on Cities, Poetic Perception and Gnomic Fantasy by William F. Saunders, 1997 General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Architecture
Source text - English Rem Koolhaas, in his writing about cities, dares much, falters much, and achieves much. If he dared less, he would falter less and give less. His achievements—astute, unconventional, poetic perceptions of urban realities—at times entail their own limitations: forced, melodramatic pseudopoetry. Koolhaas is eagerly self-contradictory, extremist, promoting many selves, determined above all to maintain freedom of thought, to be unboxed and unboxable. On the one hand a fiercely tough realist, despising nostalgia or any other wishful thinking, he is, on the other, a fantast, a surrealist, also fierce about his right to create ex nihilo, fierce in his conviction that a world constructed to satisfy human desire can and should supersede the natural world that common sense calls real. Koolhaas the poetic realist has more to offer us, in his writing, than Koolhaas the fantasist; this latter Koolhaas can, in fact, display some of the megalomania that Koolhaas sees in Le Corbusier and believes is endemic to most highbrow architecture.
Koolhaas the poet of perception and Koolhaas the pseudopoet of fantasies mingle throughout his writing from Delirious New York to S,M,L,XL. 1 The sharper, more perceptive, and instructive Koolhaas (the focus of the last part of this essay), like a journalist (as he once was), focuses on the concrete (this place, this history) and not the abstract or categorical (Bigness, Urbanism). However, he is a poetic journalist in that he realizes his material with feeling and intuition, giving us dreams that ring true. Koolhaas is at his unreductive best in the essays “Globalization,” “Field Trip,” and “The Terrifying Beauty of the Twentieth Century,” the poem “Learning Japanese,” and especially the essays “Atlanta,” “Singapore,” and “Generic Cities,” in which most generalizations spring directly from specific experiences and observations, rather than in essays like “Bigness” and “Whatever Happened to Urbanism?” which make absolute, monolithic, and ultimately simplistic claims (even on behalf of complexity).
Translation - Indonesian Di dalam tulisannya mengenai perkotaan, Rem Koolhas banyak mencoba, banyak gagal dan banyak berhasil. Jika dia tidak sering mencoba, dia akan jarang gagal dan mustahil berhasil. Karya-karyanya –sebuah sudut pandang puitis mengenai perkotaan yang mendalam dan tidak umum – seringkali menunjukkan beberapa kelemahannya: berlebihan, melodramatis dan sulit dimengerti. Koolhas adalah sosok yang penuh kontradiksi, keras, kerap kali menampilkan pribadi yang berbeda. Di atas hal-hal tersebut, ia adalah orang yang menjunjung tinggi kebebasan pemikiran, enggan terikat dan sulit diikat. Di satu sisi ia adalah seorang realis tegas; membenci nostalgia dan angan-angan, namun di sisi lainnya, dia adalah seorang pengkhayal, seorang pemimpi, tegas akan kebebasannya dalam mewujudkan sesuatu, tegas akan pendapatnya, bahwa dunia yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi segala keinginannya harus bisa melebihi apa yang dianggap oleh akal sehat mereka sebagai ‘hal yang biasa’. Di dalam tulisannya, Koolhaas sang realis puitis memiliki lebih banyak hal yang bisa kita gali dibandingkan dengan sosok Koolhas sang pengkhayal. Akan tetapi sosok tersebutpun pada kenyataannya bisa menampilkan ‘kegilaan’ yang ia lihat dalam Le Corbusier, ‘kegilaan’ yang ia percaya selalu muncul dalam karya-karya Arsitektur sejati.
Sosok Koolhas yang puitis dan sosok Koolhas yang pengkhayal hadir secara bersamaan di sepanjang tulisannya ‘Delirious New York to S,M,L,XL’. Sosok Koolhas yang tajam, mendalam, dan cerdas (yang akan menjadi fokus dalam bagian akhir essay ini), seperti jurnalis (seperti pekerjaannya terdahulu), fokus pada hal yang ada (ruang, sejarah) bukan pada sesuatu yang bersifat abstrak (ukuran, urbanisme). Namun ia adalah seorang jurnalis yang puitis, dalam artian ia mengolah materi dengan menggunakan perasaan dan intuisi, menyajikan kepada kita sebuah bentuk yang indah dan terasa benar. Karya terbaik Koolhas antara lain adalah “Globalization,” “Field Trip”, “The Terrifying Beauty of the Twentieth Century”, puisi “Learning Japanese,” dan khususnya essay-essay seperti “Atlanta,” “Singapore,” dan “Generic Cities,” dimana pernyataan di dalam tulisan-tulisan tersebut lahir dari pengalaman dan pengamatan pribadi, berbeda dengan essay seperti “Bigness” dan “Whatever Happened to Urbanism?” yang cenderung terdengar seperti sekedar pendapat pribadi yang bersifat satu arah (meskipun mengangkat tema yang kompleks)
Indonesian to English: Influence of Pump Rotation Speed, Time, Amounts of Nozzles During The Spray Water Washing Process in Determining Characteristics of CPO in Biodiesel Production General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Source text - Indonesian Analisis FFA minyak CPO sebesar 0.13%, pada reaksi transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa (KOH), prosentase kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA ) tersebut relatif rendah sehingga dapat langsung dilakukan proses pembuatan biodiesel tanpa melalui proses esterifikasi. Nilai FFA dan kadar air yang relatif tinggi dapat terjadinya reaksi saponifikasi yang akan membentuk sabun dan air yang berakibat menurunnya kadar metil ester yang dihasilkan. Proses reaksi transesterifikasi pada minyak CPO dilakukan dengan waktu pengadukan selama 1,5 jam, putaran 500 rpm dan temperatur 60 derajat Celsius.
Pada minyak CPO selanjutnya dilakukan proses pencucian dengan membuat rancangan alat yang kemudian didapatkan spesifikasi yang terdiri-dari beberapa bagian diantaranya;1. bak cuci berbentuk tabung silinder dengan diameter 20 cm, tinggi 30 cm , bahan dari Acrylic tebal 5 mm, 2. instalasi pipa Ø 20 mm, panjang 110 cm, tebal 3 mm, 3. Pompa jenis sentrifugal, putaran 1400 rpm, daya motor 0,37 Hp dan perbandingan puli antara poros pompa dengan motor 1: 6. Minyak CPO dengan variabel: waktu pencucian 5 menit dan 10 menit, jumlah lubang nosel 3,4,5, jarak lubang 24 mm dan Ø lubang 0,7 mm, tinggi nosel 10 cm dari permukaan biodiesel, putaran pompa 2000, 3000, 4000 rpm, perbandingan antara biodiesel dengan air 1: 3 dan pencucian dilakukan dua kali. Hasil dari proses pencucian didapatkan rendemen turun 20 % dari volume semula, pencucian ke dua turun 6,25 % dari cucian pertama, pH air bekas cucian turun 0,7 % dari putaran 4000 rpm sedangkan untuk waktu 10 menit, jumlah 5 lubang pHnya juga terjadi penurunan. Karakteristik biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari pencucian telah memenuhi standard SNI dan ASTM D 6751 untuk pengujian densitas, viskositas, indeks setana, titik nyala hasilnya sebagai berikuti: Densitas, waktu 5 menit; 0,8766 gr/cm3 gr/cm3 , putaran pompa 2000 rpm; 0,8767 gr/cm3 , lubang nosel 3; 0,8767 gr/cm3 2. Viskositas, waktu 10 menit; 5,45 cst, putaran pompa 4000 rpm; 5,65 cst dan lubang nosel 4; 5,46 cst 3. Titik nyala, waktu pencucian 5 menit; 135,44 C, putaran pompa 2000 rpm; 135,33 C, jumlah lubang nosel 3;134,33 C 4. Indeks sentana, waktu pencucian 5 menit; 51,73, putaran pompa 2000 rpm; 51,94 dan jumlah lubang 3; 52,43.
Translation - English The analysis on Crude Palm Oil (CPO) resulted the amount of substance of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) is 0.13%, in which the analysis done through a transesterification reaction using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) as the catalyst, therefore this relatively low amount allows the biodiesel-making to get processed without esterification reaction. High amounts of water and FFA might cause saponification reaction that produces soap and water that could result the low amount of methyl ester. The transesterification reaction is processed with 90 minutes of stirring time, 500 rpm speed of stirrer and 60º Celsius temperature.
The CPO then washed using a designed equipment with the following specifications; 1) wash tank in a form of 20 cm diameter cylindrical tube, 30 cm height, acrylic based with 5 mm density 2) 20 mm diameter pipe, 110 cm in length, 30 cm density 3) Centrifugal pump with 1400 rpm rotation speed, a motor with 0.37 horsepower and pulley ratio between the motor and the engine shaft is 1:6. The washing time for CPO are 5 minutes and 10 minutes. The amounts of nozzle hole ranging from 3, 4 and 5, each is distanced in 24 mm, and each of them has 0.7 mm diameter. The nozzles are 10 cm away from the biodiesel surface. The desired speed of pump rotation are 2000, 3000 and to 4000 rpm. The ratio between biodiesel and water is 1:3, with the washing process carried out twice. The result of the first washing with 5 minutes time, is the yield decreased 20% from the initial volume. The second washing that carried out using speed of stirrer 4000 rpm, resulted the first washing’s yield decreased 6.25% and amounts of pH decreased 0.7%. On the other hand, the washing process carried out in 10 minutes, using five nozzles, showed the amounts of pH decrease as well. The characteristics of the biodiesel from the first washing process had surpassed the SNI and ASTMD 6751’s standards in terms of density, viscosity, cetane number and flash point with the following results; 1) Density; 0,8766 gr/cm3 gr/cm3 with 5 minutes washing time; 0,8767 gr/cm3 with speed of stirrer 2000 rpm and 0.8767 gr/cm³ with 3 nozzles; 2) Viscosity; 5.45 cSt with 10 minutes washing time; 5.65 cst with 4000 rpm rotation speed and 5.46 cSt with 4 nozzles; 3) Flash point; 135.44 ºC with 5 minutes washing time; 135.33 ºC with 2000 rpm rotation speed and 134.33 ºC with 3 nozzles; 4)Cetane number; 51.73 with 5 minutes washing time; 51.94 with 2000 rpm rotation speed and 52.43 with 3 nozzles.
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Years of experience: 10. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2018.
Growing up with a mother who majored in English literature, I am fluent in both English and Indonesian. I majored in architecture, hence, initially my works consisted of academic texts and journals of this field. In 2014, I started to handle media subtitling works, legal documents, and patents.
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