Working languages:
English to Indonesian
Indonesian to English

Ikhlas Alviansyah
Economics, Accounting, Banking & Finance

Indonesia
Local time: 03:32 WIB (GMT+7)

Native in: Indonesian (Variant: Standard-Indonesia) Native in Indonesian
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Services Translation, Copywriting, Transcreation, Editing/proofreading, MT post-editing, Interpreting, Subtitling, Website localization
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Specializes in:
Investment / SecuritiesAccounting
Finance (general)Economics
Business/Commerce (general)Marketing / Market Research
Advertising / Public RelationsPhotography/Imaging (& Graphic Arts)
Poetry & Literature

Volunteer / Pro-bono work Open to considering volunteer work for registered non-profit organizations
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English to Indonesian - Rates: 0.02 - 0.05 USD per word / 7 - 15 USD per hour
Indonesian to English - Rates: 0.04 - 0.06 USD per word / 10 - 15 USD per hour

KudoZ activity (PRO) PRO-level points: 4, Questions answered: 5, Questions asked: 2
Portfolio Sample translations submitted: 1
English to Indonesian: There is no such thing as a free market
General field: Bus/Financial
Detailed field: Economics
Source text - English

(1) Market needs to be free. When the government interferes to dictate what market participants can or cannot do, resources cannot flow to their most efficient use. If people cannot do the things that they found the most profitable, they lose the incentive to invest and innovate. Thus, If the government puts a cap on house rents, landlords lose the incentive to maintain their properties or build new ones. Or, if the government restrict the kinds of financial products that can be sold, two contracting parties that may both have benefited from innovative transactions that fulfill their idiosyncratic needs cannot reap the potential gains of free contract. People must be left “free to choose”, as the title of free-market visionary Milton Friedman’s famous book goes.

(2) The free market doesn’t exist. Every market has some rules and boundaries that restrict freedom of choice. A market looks free only because we so unconditionally accept its underlying restrictions that we fail to see them. How “free” a market is cannot be objectively defined. It is a political definition. The usual claim by free-market economist that they are trying to defend the market from politically motivated interference by the government is false. Government is always involved and those free-marketers are as politically motivated as anyone. Overcoming the myth that there is such a thing as an objectively defined “free market” is the first step towards understanding capitalism.

Labour ought to be free

(3) In 1819 new legislation to regulate child labour, the Cotton Factories Regulation Act, was tabled in the British Parliament. The proposed regulation was incredibly “light touch” by modern standards. It would ban the employment of young children – that is, those under the age of nine. Older children (aged between ten to sixteen) would still be allowed to work, but with their working hours restricted to twelve per day (yes, they were really going soft on those kids). The new rules applied only to cotton factories, which were recognized to be exceptionally hazardous to worker’s health.

(4) The proposal caused huge controversy. Opponents saw it as undermining the sanctity of freedom of contract and thus destroying the very foundation of the free market. In debating this legislation, some members of the House of Lords objected to it on the grounds that “labour ought to be free”. Their argument said: the children want (and need) to work, and the factory owners want to employ them; what is the problem?

(5) Today, even the most ardent free-market proponents in Britain or other rich countries would not think bringing child labour back as part of the market liberalization package that they so want. However, until the late nineteenth or the early twentieth century, when the first serious child labour regulations were introduced in Europe and North America, many respectable people judged child labour regulation to be against the principles of the free market.

(6) Thus seen, the “freedom” of a market is, like beauty, in the eyes of the beholder. If you believe that the right of children not to have to work is more important than the right of factory owners to be able to hire whoever they find most profitable, you will not see a ban on child labour as an infringement on the freedom of the labour market. If you believe the opposite, you will see an unfree market, shackled by misguided government regulation.

(7) We don’t have to go back two centuries to see regulations we take for granted (and accept as ‘ambient noises’ within the free market) that were seriously challenged as undermining the free market, when first introduced. When environmental regulations (e.g., regulations on car and factory emissions) appeared a few decades ago, they were opposed by many as serious infringement on our freedom to choose. Their opponents asked: if people want to drive in more polluting cars or if factories find more polluting production methods are more profitable, why should the government prevent them from making such choices? Today, most people accept these regulations as ‘natural’. They believe that actions that harm other, however unintentionally (such as pollution), need to be restricted. They also understand that it is sensible to make careful use of our energy resources, when many of them are non-renewable. They may believe that reducing human impact on climate change makes sense too.

(8) If the same market can be perceived to have varying degrees of freedom by different people, there is really no objective way to define how free that market is. In other words, the free market is an illusion. If some markets look free, it is only because we totally accept the regulations that are propping them up that they become invisible.

Translation - Indonesian

(1) Pasar haruslah bebas. Ketika pemerintah turut campur mendiktekan hal yang bisa dan tidak bisa dilakukan oleh peserta pasar, sumber daya tidak dapat mengalir menuju titik optimum efisiensi penggunaan. Jika masyarakat tidak bisa melakukan kegiatan yang mereka anggap paling menguntungkan, mereka kehilangan insentif untuk berinvestasi dan berinovasi. Dengan demikian, jika pemerintah memberlakukan batas atas terhadap harga sewa rumah, para induk semang kehilangan insentif untuk merawat properti mereka atau membangun properti baru. Demikian pula jika pemerintah membatasi jenis produk keuangan yang bisa dijual, kedua pihak yang terlibat dalam kontrak yang mungkin dapat diuntungkan dari transaksi inovatif, yang memenuhi kebutuhan indiosinkratik mereka, tidak bisa menuai keuntungan potensial dari kontrak bebas. Masyarakat harus dibiarkan "bebas memilih" seperti judul buku terkenal karya seorang visioner pasar bebas, Milton Friedman.

(2) Pasar bebas itu tidaklah ada. Setiap pasar memiliki aturan dan batasan yang membatasi kebebasan memilih. Sebuah pasar terlihat bebas semata-mata karena kita menerima dengan sangat rela batasan-batasan mendasar yang gagal kita lihat. Seberapa "bebas" sebuah pasar tidak bisa dijelaskan secara objektif. Penjelasan tersebut merupakan penjelasan politis. Klaim yang biasa diutarakan oleh para ekonom pasar bebas yang menyatakan bahwa mereka mencoba melindungi pasar dari campur tangan pemerintah yang bermotif politis merupakan klaim palsu. Pemerintah selalu terlibat dan para penganut pasar bebas juga termotivasi secara politis seperti yang lainnya. Penolakan terhadap mitos yang menyatakan bahwa ada sebuah definisi objektif dari "pasar bebas" merupakan langkah pertama untuk memahami kapitalisme.

Pasar tenaga kerja haruslah bebas

(3) Pada 1819, peraturan baru yang mengatur soal tenaga kerja anak, Cotton Factories Regulation Act (UU Pabrik Kapas), diajukan di Parlemen Britania Raya. Aturan yang diajukan tersebut sangatlah "enteng" jika dibandingkan dengan standar modern. Ia melarang perekrutan anak-anak kecil berusia di bawah sembilan tahun. Anak-anak yang berusia lebih besar (sepuluh hingga enam belas tahun) masih diperbolehkan bekerja, tetapi dengan jam kerja yang dibatasi menjadi dua belas jam per hari (ya, mereka sungguh melunak pada anak-anak itu). Peraturan baru tersebut hanya berlaku pada pabrik-pabrik kapas, yang diakui sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan pekerja.

(4) Proposal tersebut menyebabkan kontroversi yang sengit. Para penentang melihatnya sebagai pelecehan terhadap kesakralan asas kebebasan kontrak. Dengan demikian, peraturan tersebut dianggap merusak fondasi pasar bebas. Dalam perdebatan legislasi ini, beberapa anggota House of Lords (Dewan Bangsawan Britania Raya) menentang dengan alasan bahwa "pasar tenaga kerja haruslah bebas". Argumen mereka menyatakan bahwa anak-anak mau (dan butuh) bekerja dan pemilik pabrik mau merekrut mereka. Jadi, apa masalahnya?

(5) Hari ini, bahkan pendukung pasar bebas di Britania Raya, atau negara kaya lainnya, yang paling fanatik pun tidak akan berpikir untuk mengembalikan tenaga kerja anak sebagai bagian dari paket liberalisasi pasar yang sangat mereka inginkan. Namun, hingga pengujung abad ke-19 atau awal abad ke-20, ketika regulasi serius mengenai tenaga kerja anak yang pertama diperkenalkan di Eropa dan Amerika Utara, banyak orang-orang terhormat yang menilai bahwa regulasi tenaga kerja anak bertentangan dengan prinsip pasar bebas.

(6) Dengan demikian, "kebebasan" sebuah pasar, sama seperti kecantikan, terpulang pada mata yang menilainya. Jika Anda percaya bahwa hak anak-anak untuk tidak harus bekerja lebih penting daripada hak pemilik pabrik untuk merekrut siapa pun yang dianggap paling menguntungkan, Anda tidak akan melihat pelarangan tenaga kerja anak sebagai pelanggaran atas kebebasan pasar tenaga kerja. Jika Anda percaya sebaliknya, Anda akan melihat sebuah pasar yang tidak bebas, yang dibelenggu oleh regulasi yang sesat dari pemerintah.

(7) Kita tidak harus mundur dua abad untuk melihat regulasi yang kita abaikan (dan terima sebagai "derau ambien" dalam pasar bebas) yang secara serius ditentang karena dianggap sebagai perusakan atas pasar bebas ketika pertama kali diperkenalkan. Ketika regulasi lingkungan (mis. regulasi atas emisi pabrik dan mobil) muncul beberapa dekade yang lalu, regulasi-regulasi tersebut ditentang oleh banyak pihak karena dianggap sebagai pelanggaran yang serius atas kebebasan kita untuk memilih. Pertanyaan pihak penentang: Jika masyarakat mau mengendarai mobil yang menyebabkan polusi atau jika pabrik-pabrik menganggap bahwa metode produksi yang menyebabkan polusi lebih menguntungkan, kenapa pemerintah harus mencegah mereka untuk membuat keputusan tersebut? Hari ini, sebagian besar masyarakat menerima regulasi-regulasi ini sebagai "hal yang wajar". Masyarakat percaya bahwa kegiatan yang mencederai orang lain, walaupun secara tidak sengaja (seperti polusi), perlu dibatasi. Masyarakat juga memahami bahwa penggunaan sumber daya energi secara hati-hati bersifat masuk akal karena banyak dari sumber daya tersebut yang tidak dapat diperbarui. Masyarakat mungkin percaya bahwa pengurangan pengaruh manusia atas perubahan iklim juga merupakan tindakan yang logis.

(8) Jika pasar yang sama dapat dianggap memiliki tingkat kebebasan yang berbeda oleh orang-orang yang berbeda pula, tidak ada cara yang objektif untuk menjelaskan seberapa bebas pasar tersebut. Dengan kata lain, pasar bebas merupakan sebuah ilusi. Jika beberapa pasar terlihat bebas, hal tersebut semata-mata karena kita menerima secara menyeluruh regulasi yang menopang pasar-pasar tersebut sehingga ia menjadi tidak terlihat.


Glossaries Economics, Miscellaneous, Pedagogy
Translation education Bachelor's degree - Indonesia Open University
Experience Years of experience: 6. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2017.
ProZ.com Certified PRO certificate(s) N/A
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Memberships HPI
Software Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Amara, Indesign, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Trados Studio, Wordfast
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This user has earned KudoZ points by helping other translators with PRO-level terms. Click point total(s) to see term translations provided.

Total pts earned: 4
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Language (PRO)
English to Indonesian4
Top general field (PRO)
Bus/Financial4
Top specific field (PRO)
Economics4

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Profile last updated
Oct 9, 2021



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