Working languages:
English to Italian
Italian to English
French to Italian

Stefania Spagnulo
italianinterpreting.com

London, England, United Kingdom
Local time: 00:46 BST (GMT+1)

Native in: Italian (Variant: Standard-Italy) 
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Account type Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Identity Verified Verified site user
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Services Translation, Interpreting, Editing/proofreading, Subtitling, Project management, Transcription, MT post-editing, Transcreation
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English to Italian: Usa-Russia, la nuova Guerra fredda è sull’energia
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - English
Usa-Russia, la nuova Guerra fredda è sull’energia
di Loretta Napoleoni |Il Fatto Quotidiano
Nonostante le tensioni politiche tra la Casa Bianca ed il partito repubblicano, l’economia americana continua a risalire la china della recessione grazie al boom energetico. Nel secondo trimestre del 2013, l’economia non è cresciuta dell’1,7 per cento, come annunciato un paio di settimane fa, ma del 2,5 per cento, questa l’ultima revisione annunciata venerdì scorso dal Dipartimento del Commercio americano. Da aprile a giugno le esportazioni sono cresciute al ritmo più alto degli ultimi due anni, e così facendo hanno ridotto il deficit della bilancia commerciale al 2,7 per cento del prodotto nazionale lordo. Meno della metà rispetto all’apice del 6 per cento del Pil raggiunto nel 2005.

La spinta alle esportazioni proviene dalla vendita all’estero di prodotti e non di servizi. In prima fila c’è il petrolio e tutti i suoi derivati, petrolio prodotto grazie al fracking, la nuova tecnologia inventata dagli americani. Fino a giugno, Washington ne ha esportato in media 99 milioni di barili al mese, si tratta di circa quattro volte quanto esportava dieci anni fa.

Nel 2011, dopo sessanta anni, gli Stati Uniti sono finalmente tornati ad essere un esportatore netto di prodotti petroliferi. La produzione interna ha anche dato una grossa spinta alle raffinazione che prima dipendeva dall’importazione di greggio. A parte i 3,5 milioni di barili di greggio spediti attraverso il gasdotto in Canada, l’America esporta prodotti raffinati, con un più alto valore aggiunto e cioè benzina e diesel. Tra i nuovi compratori figurano molte economie emergenti: India, Brasile, Cina e Turchia.

Il boom energetico americano non solo sta riportando la bilancia commerciale in equilibrio, un fenomeno che non si verificava dai tempi della Guerra Fredda, è anche fonte di tensione con la Russia, e quindi in un certo senso contribuisce a ricreare l’atmosfera di tensione politica tra le ex due superpotenze.

Oggi la Russia può essere definita un petro-Stato, una nazione la cui economia dipende dalle risorse energetiche. Secondo le statistiche della Banca europea per la Ricostruzione e lo Sviluppo, alla fine del 2012, il petrolio ed il gas naturale costituivano il 70 per cento delle esportazioni russe, mentre negli anni Novanta erano meno del 50 per cento. Circa la metà delle entrate del governo ed il 17 per cento del Pil proviene dal settore energetico. Gazprom, la società energetica russa, rappresenta il 14 per cento del capitale totale della borsa russa.

Non solo questa nazione è la prima produttrice al mondo di energia e la seconda di gas naturale dopo gli Stati Uniti, è anche la prima esportatrice di questi prodotti. Ma questo primato sta scemando a causa della concorrenza americana e nel lungo periodo è destinato a scomparire: le riserve petrolifere russe, principalmente ubicate tra gli Urali e la Siberia centrale, sono infatti in grado di sostenere la produzione attuale soltanto per altri 20 anni, questo quanto si legge in uno studio della la Banca Europea per la ricostruzione lo sviluppo. A differenza degli americani i russi non hanno neppure iniziato ad investire nel fracking per estrarre le riserve della siberia orientale.

Putin è perfettamente cosciente di questa situazione ma non ne possiede la soluzione. Fino ad oggi il suo potere e quello dei suoi fedeli sostenitori ha poggiato sulle risorse energetiche, se queste si riducono o scompaiono, la popolarità di Putin potrebbe risentirne. E questo spiegherebbe il ritorno alle tensioni della Guerra Fredda ed alla propaganda anti americana, un tentativo forse disperato di mantenere il potere su basi ideologiche piuttosto che economiche.
Translation - Italian
US-Russia: The New “Cold War” on Energy

Despite political tensions between the White House and Republicans, the U.S. economy is climbing out an economic downturn thanks to the energy boom. According to last Friday's report by the U.S. Department of Commerce, in the second quarter of 2013, the economy did not grow by 1.7 percent, as announced a few weeks ago, but 2.5 percent. From April to June, exports grew at a faster rate than in the last two years, reducing the trade deficit to 2.7 percent of gross domestic product, less than half compared to the 6 percent peak reached in 2005.

The boost in exports is due to the sale of foreign products, not services. At the top of the list, there is oil and all its derivatives — oil, which Americans produce through "fracking," the new technology they invented. Until June, Washington exported an average of 99 million barrels per month, about four times as high as the level of exports 10 years ago.

In 2011, after 60 years, the U.S. was finally able to become a net exporter of petroleum products again. National production also helped give a big boost to refined products that previously depended on imported crude oil. Apart from the 3.5 million barrels of crude oil shipped through the pipeline in Canada, the U.S. exports refined products with a higher added value, namely gasoline and diesel. New consumers include many emerging economies: India, Brazil, China and Turkey.

The American energy boom is not just bringing into equilibrium the trade balance — a phenomenon that has not been seen since the days of the Cold War — but it is also a source of tension with Russia and, therefore, in a sense, helps recreate the atmosphere of political tension between the two former superpowers.

Today, Russia can be defined as a "petro-gas" state, a nation whose economy is dependent on energy resources. According to statistics from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), at the end of 2012, oil and natural gas accounted for 70 percent of Russian exports, while in the '90s, they were less than 50 percent. About half of government revenue and 17 percent of its GDP comes from the energy sector. Gazprom, the Russian energy company, accounts for 14 percent of the total capital in the Russian stock market.

Not only is this nation the foremost producer in the world of energy and only second to the U.S. in natural gas, it is also the leading exporter of these products. However, this record is dwindling because of American competition and is doomed to disappear in the long term. According to a study by the EBRD, Russian oil reserves, mainly located between the Urals and central Siberia, are in fact able to sustain their current production rate for only another 20 years. Unlike the Americans, the Russians have not even begun to invest in fracking to extract the reserves of eastern Siberia.

Putin is well-aware of this situation, but he does not have a solution. Until now, his strength and that of his loyal supporters rested on energy resources. If these are reduced or disappear, Putin's popularity may be affected — and that would explain the return to Cold War tensions and anti-American propaganda, perhaps a desperate attempt to maintain his hold on power on ideological rather than economic foundations.

Translation education Bachelor's degree - University of Salford
Experience Years of experience: 8. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2016.
ProZ.com Certified PRO certificate(s) N/A
Credentials English to Italian (London Metropolitan University)
Italian to English (London Metropolitan University)
Italian to English (University of Salford)
English to Italian (University of Salford)
French to Italian (London Metropolitan University)


Memberships N/A
Software Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, EZTitles, Indesign, memoQ, MemSource Cloud, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Protemos, Smartcat, Subtitle Edit, Subtitle Editor, Subtitle Workshop, Trados Studio, Wordfast, XTM, XTRF Translation Management System
Website https://www.italianinterpreting.com/
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Bio

Feel free to refer me! I pay a 10% commission (gross) per job for every successful referral.

Check out my website: https://www.italianinterpreting.com/

I am a credentialed and experienced Conference Interpreter and Translator.

Feel welcome to contact me in any of my working languages: IT | EN | FR | ES | DE

Specializations: Fashion, Cosmetics, Marketing, Sports and Tourism.

A member of CIOL. I hold a Master’s degree in Conference Interpreting and a BA with Hons in European Languages (French, German and Spanish).

I provide my services at conferences, seminars, workshops, international meetings, business functions, and events across Europe and the United States. I am highly motivated, detail-oriented, and consistently satisfy my client’s expectations to the highest standard.

Services offered: • Interpreting (simultaneous, consecutive, chuchotage and liaison) • Translation • Proofreading • Editing • Project Management• Cultural Mediation • Subtitling • Transcription.

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Profile last updated
Jul 6, 2021