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Sample translations submitted: 1
Portuguese to English: Land Law: Emphyteutic leases General field: Law/Patents Detailed field: Real Estate
Source text - Portuguese As normas de um diploma normativo que estabeleceram um regime de constituição de enfiteuse por usucapião que, conjugado com o regime de consolidação dos domínios útil e directo decorrente da abolição desse instituto jurídico, operaram a translação da propriedade plena, sem atribuição, em termos gerais, de indemnização são julgadas inconstitucionais. No acórdão recorrido, o tribunal a quo considerou ter havido violação da protecção constitucional do direito de propriedade porque a ablação do direito do titular do domínio directo (senhorio), correlativa da aquisição do direito de propriedade por parte do titular do domínio útil enfitêutico (enfiteuta), ocorreu tendo a enfiteuse sido constituída por usucapião e não tendo tido como contrapartida uma indemnização.
O Tribunal Constitucional considerou que na dimensão institucional da garantia constitucional do direito de propriedadeestão injunções dirigidas ao legislador ordinário. Este está proibido de aniquilar ou afectar o núcleo essencial do instituto infraconstitucional da “propriedade”. Está também obrigado a conformar o instituto tendo em conta a necessidade de o harmonizar com os princípios decorrentes do sistema constitucional no seu conjunto. Embora a Constituição lhe não faça uma referência textual, existe uma cláusula legal implícita da conformação social da propriedade.
Sendo desígnio constitucional a consolidação da propriedade plena no titular do domínio útil, com o consequente retirar do correlativo direito do titular do domínio directo, esta privação teria, necessariamente, de ser acompanhada da atribuição, a este, da devida e adequada prestação compensatória. Do princípio estruturante do Estado de direito democrático, colhe-se um direito geral à reparação dos danos, de que são expressão particular os direitos de indemnização, designadamente os previstos na Constituição quanto ao direito de propriedade privada.
Translation - English A normative act established a regime under which emphyteutic leases were created by adverse possession. When conjugated with a regime governing the consolidation of the so-called ‘useful’ and ‘direct’ forms of domain that resulted from the abolition of the legal ‘institute’ of emphyteusis, the norms caused the transfer of full title to the property in question, without any compensation under the general terms of the law.
The court a quo (the Supreme Court of Justice) in the present case found that the norms were in violation of the protection which the Constitution affords to the right to property, because the right of the holder of the direct domain (the emphyteutic landlord or lessor) was eliminated when the holder of the emphyteutic useful domain (the emphyteutic tenant or lessee) acquired title to the land and the emphyteutic lease had itself been constituted by a process of adverse possession without any compensatory consideration.
The Constitutional Court said that the institutional dimension of the constitutional guarantee of the right to property includes a number of commands to the ordinary legislator. The latter is not allowed to eliminate, or affect the essential core of, the infra-constitutional ‘institute’ known as ‘property’ or ‘ownership’; but it is also required to shape this ‘institute’ in the light of the need to harmonise it with the principles derived from the constitutional system as a whole; and although the text of the Constitution does not say so explicitly, this system does include an implicit legal clause which means that property and ownership are subject to inherent social limits.
While the Constitution does seek to consolidate full title in the hands of the holders of useful domain over property, with the ensuing elimination of the correlative right of the holder of the direct domain, this deprivation must necessarily be accompanied by the award to the latter of due and appropriate compensatory payment. One can deduce from the key structural principle that the state must be democratic and based on the rule of law that there is a general right to reparation for damages, one particular expression of which are the various rights to compensation, and namely those which the Constitution lays down with regard to the right to private property.
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Years of experience: 26. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2014.
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