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Aug 22, 2020 (posted viaProZ.com): Recently, I have been doing final editing of scientific papers written in English by non-native English speakers. Fair or not, for scientific and academic work to have maximum impact and advance the careers of the scientists, it has to appear in English in a top-rated English-language journal. I am typically provided with a paper already in English, but in which the quality of the English is not equal to the high quality of the work presented. My task is to rewrite as necessary, so the paper will be accepted by the target journal....more, + 2 other entries »
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Spanish to English: Geología de Baja California General field: Science Detailed field: Geology
Source text - Spanish Spanish Original
Geomorfología
Las condiciones geológicas y los esfuerzos tectónicos a los que estuvo sometida la península, dieron origen a su eje geológico estructural, que presenta la misma orientación, y está integrado por la cordillera peninsular cuyo núcleo granítico masivo (batolito) aflora en el Norte y se oculta en el Sur bajo materiales volcánicos.
Este eje tiene la forma de un bloque alargado e inclinado hacia el Sureste; presenta un flanco abrupto hacia el Golfo de California, otro más suave hacia el Océano Pacífico, lo que determina la configuración alargada y angosta de la península. Esto ha dado lugar a la formación de una gran variedad de topoformas, tales como valles, llanuras, sierras, etc.
Topografía
El principal sistema orográfico de Baja California cruza longitudinalmente al Estado; se inicia al Norte, en la Sierra de Juárez, y continúa al Sur con el nombre de Sierra de San Pedro Mártir, donde se divide en sierras más pequeñas, con diferentes nombres, hasta el límite con Baja California Sur.
La Sierra Cucapah constituye otro sistema orográfico, y se encuentra ubicada en forma paralela a la Sierra de Juárez, quedando entre ambas una depresión arenosa de baja permeabilidad llamada Laguna Salada; las sierras de Las Tinajas y La Peralta, relativamente pequeñas, se localizan al Noroeste y al Oeste, respectivamente, de la parte Sur de la Sierra de Juárez.
Otros sistemas orográficos de importancia, tales como las sierras de San Felipe, Santa Isabel y San Miguel, se encuentran al Este y Oeste de la Sierra de San Pedro Mártir. Las sierras de menor importancia por su magnitud son: La Asamblea, Las Animas, Agua de Soda, La Libertad y la de San Borja, que se localizan aisladamente al Sur del Estado.
Entre las llanuras más importantes podemos mencionar la de Mexicali (deltáica), Laguna Salada (aluvial con inundación), Maneadero, Camalú y San Quintín (costeras), Calamajué (aluvial) y El Berrendo (desértica). Los que realmente se consideran valles son el de Guadalupe, Santo Tomás, San Telmo, El Rosario y La Trinidad.
Translation - English English Translation
Geomorphology
The geologic conditions and tectonic forces that the peninsula was subjected to gave rise to its structural axis, which has the same orientation, and is integrated with, the massive granitic batholith nucleus that crops out in the north, and is hidden in the south by volcanic materials.
This axis takes the form of an elongated block, inclined to the southeast. It presents a steep flank to the Gulf of California, but presents a gentler one to the Pacific Ocean, defining the narrow, elongated shape of the peninsula. This has resulted in a wide variety of landforms, including valleys, plains, mountain ranges, etc.
Topography
The principal orographic system of Baja California crosses the state longitudinally. It starts in the north, in the Sierra de Juárez, then continues to the south as the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir. From there, it divides into smaller ranges, with various names, on down to the boundary with Baja California Sur.
Another orographic system is the Sierra Cucupah, which is roughly parallel to the Sierra de Juárez. Between the two ranges lies a trough of low-permeability sandy material known as the Laguna Salada. The Las Tinajas and La Peralta ranges are relatively small, and are located to the northwest and west, respectively, of the southern part of the Sierra de Juárez.
Other important orographic systems, such as the San Felipe, Santa Isabel, and San Miguel ranges, are found to the east and west of the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir. Mountain ranges that are less important because of their size are: La Asamblea, Las Animas, Agua de Soda, La Libertad, and San Borja, which are in isolated locations in the southern part of the State.
Among the more important plains, we can mention Mexicali (deltaic); Laguna Salada (alluvial with flooding); Maneadero, Camalú, and San Quintín (coastal); Calamajué (alluvial); and El Berrendo (desert). Guadalupe, Santo Tomás, San Telmo, El Rosario, and La Trinidad are considered true valleys.
Spanish to English: Recarga artificial de acuíferos en Chile General field: Science Detailed field: Geology
Source text - Spanish Spanish Original
Recarga artificial de acuíferos en Chile
La recarga artificial de acuíferos es un método de gestión hídrica mediante el cual se disponen excedentes de agua superficial en los acuíferos, principalmente durante las épocas de abundancia. El agua almacenada puede ser luego extraída desde el acuífero a través de pozos de bombeo.
El agua utilizada para la recarga artificial de acuíferos puede provenir de cualquier fuente de agua superficial: ríos, quebradas, canales, escorrentía urbana, efluentes de plantas de tratamiento de aguas y plantas desalinizadoras, entre otras. Puede ser introducida en los acuíferos a través de balsas, pozos, zanjas, lechos de ríos secos y en general, mediante cualquier obra que permita la infiltración de agua en el subsuelo.
La Figura 1 muestra los dos principales tipos de obras de recarga artificial de acuíferos utilizados: balsas de infiltración y pozos de infiltración.
Las balsas de infiltración son obras en donde el agua se dispone en superficie y se infiltra a través de la zona no saturada hasta llegar al acuífero. Estas obras requieren de amplios terrenos cuyo tamaño depende de la cantidad de agua a infiltrar y de la tasa de infiltración del suelo.
Los pozos de infiltración son obras puntuales donde el agua puede ser inyectada directamente al acuífero o bien a través de la zona no saturada. En ambos casos, la capacidad de infiltración es, en general, menor a la que es posible obtener mediante balsas de infiltración.
Translation - English English Translation
Artificial Recharge of Aquifers in Chile
Artificial recharge of aquifers is a method of water resources management by means of which excess surface water is put into the aquifers, primarily during periods of abundance. The stored water can then be extracted from the aquifer by pumping it from wells.
The water utilized for recharge can be derived from any surface water source: rivers, ravines, canals, urban runoff, and effluent from water treatment plants and desalination plants, among other sources. It can be introduced into the aquifer by means of ponds, wells, ditches, dry riverbeds, and in general, by means of any facility that permits infiltration of water into the subsoil.
Figure 1 shows the two principal types of facilities utilized for artificial recharge of aquifers: infiltration ponds, and infiltration wells.
Infiltration ponds are ponds in which the water is collected at the surface, then infiltrates through the unsaturated zone until it reaches the aquifer. Large areas are required for these ponds, the size of which depends on the volume of water to be infiltrated and the rate of infiltration of the soil.
Infiltration wells are point features where water can be injected either directly into the aquifer, or through the unsaturated zone. In both cases, the infiltration capacity is, in general, less than would be possible to achieve by means of infiltration ponds.
Spanish to English: Diseñan mexicanos impresora 3D que utiliza distintos materiales General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers: Hardware
Source text - Spanish Spanish Original
Diseñan mexicanos impresora 3D que utiliza distintos materiales
México, DF. Todo comenzó con la necesidad de un estudiante de arquitectura y el interés de un ingeniero quienes, ante el elevado costo para la fabricación de moldes, decidieron desarrollar una impresora “3D Modular”, que a partir de polímeros (plástico) pueden generar desde maquetas hasta prótesis funcionales a bajo costo.
Para elaborar este proyecto, los involucrados procedentes de diferentes carreras e instituciones educativas crearon su propia empresa, Maker Mex, que fue incubada en el Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus León, dentro del Parque Tecnológico de esta ciudad.
Los socios creadores de la empresa y el concepto son Luis Arturo Pacheco, estudiante de arquitectura, y el ingeniero Juan Carlos Orozco. Por el desarrollo de la impresora “3D Modular” resultaron ganadores del VII Premio Concyteg en la categoría “Innovación Tecnológica de Empresarios”, que se entregó en el marco del Foro Internacional Sistemas de Innovación para la Competitividad 2014.
Hasta ahora, la empresa Maker Mex ha elaborado dos prototipos de impresora 3D, llamadas Prusa i3 e i3XL, a partir de diseños que están en la red y que ellos sólo modificaron de acuerdo con las necesidades que tenían.
Sin embargo, ya desarrollaron de manera propia la “3D Modular” totalmente hecha en México; quienes se han acercado a la empresa les plantean qué necesitan y ellos buscan la forma de resolver el requerimiento.
Los empresarios reconocen que en el mundo ya hay diversos diseños de impresoras 3D, pero la diferencia de la “3D Modular” consiste en imprimir con un solo equipo diversos diseños de materiales diferentes.
Este equipo Modular tiene implementados varias posibilidades para impresión, cuyos módulos son intercambiables. Por ejemplo, si se requiere imprimir sobre pasta, después sobre plástico y un sin número de materiales únicamente se cambia el módulo, y ya no es necesario tener varias impresoras. De ahí viene el concepto de impresora 3D Modular, que causó un “boom” en dicha área, en el estado y otros países del mundo.
El trabajo que Maker Mex ofrecía con las dos primeras impresoras tenía una limitante, con la “3D Modular” las opciones están abiertas para la industria.
Por ejemplo, en el caso de la prótesis está hecha de plástico, llegaría a ser movible y funcional, y en la actualidad trabajan en mejorar su forma estética.
Translation - English English Translation
Mexicans Design a 3D Printer That Utilizes A Variety of Materials
Mexico City. It all started with what an architectural student needed to do, and the interest of an engineer. These two men, faced with the high cost of making models, decided to develop a “Modular 3D” printer which, using polymers (plastics), can create items ranging from scale models to functional prostheses at low cost.
To develop this project, the two partners, coming from different backgrounds and different educational institutions, created their own company, Maker Mex, which was incubated at the León Campus of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, located in the Technology Park in Monterrey, Nuevo León.
The founding partners of the company, and the creators of the concept, are architecture student Luis Arturo Pacheco and engineer Juan Carlos Orozco. For their work in developing the “Modular 3D” printer, they were awarded the 7th Concyteg Prize in the category “Technological Innovation by Entrepreneurs,” which was awarded within the framework of the 2014 International Forum on Innovation Systems of For Competitiveness.
Until now, Maker Mex has produced two prototypes of the 3D printer, designated Prusa i3 and i3XL, using designs found on the web, and only making modifications as needed.
However, they themselves developed a “Modular 3D” made entirely in Mexico. Those who have approached the company tell them what is needed, and they look for ways to meet their requests.
The entrepreneurs recognized that various designs for 3D printers already exist. But the “Modular 3D” printer is different in that it can print diverse designs in different materials with a single piece of equipment.
The Modular printer has several built-in options for printing, utilizing interchangeable modules. For example, if you need to print using paste, then later using plastic and a number of other materials, only the module is changed out, and it is not necessary to have several printers. This led to the concept of the Modular 3D printer, which caused a boom in this area, in the state and in other countries.
There were constraints on the possible work that could be done with the first two Maker Mex printers, but with the “Modular 3D” the options for industry are open.
In the case of prosthetics, for example, because they are made of plastic, they can be movable and functional. Currently, they are working to improve the appearance of the devices.
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Bachelor's degree - Arizona State University
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Years of experience: 11. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2014. Became a member: Sep 2016.
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I am a freelance Spanish-English translator, specializing in medical and scientific-technical documents.
I have a Certificate in Spanish-English Translation from the University of California, San Diego, Extension. I have been working as a professional Spanish-English translator for almost five years.
I also do English-language proofreading, editing and technical writing.
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