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English to Indonesian: Government Involvement in Mining Industry General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Mining & Minerals / Gems
Source text - English Many governments around the world are facing tough challenges as a result of the current economic environment. With all the problems they are dealing with, are you surprised to see the level of government interference directed at the mining industry?
In many ways, it’s not a surprising reaction at all for governments to engage with the mining industry in times of economic crisis. On one hand, ballooning deficits create strong incentive for governments to raise tax revenues by increasing or introducing new royalties and income taxes. With the current high metals prices and the large cash balances accumulated by some mining companies today, it’s easy to see why the government believes the mining industry has extra money it can part with. On the other hand, high unemployment means they also want to encourage mine development because of the jobs and economic growth that mining creates.
The research patterns from the Mining Executive Forum show a correlation between economic uncertainty and concern about government involvement. In 2008, 2009 and 2011, years that involved economic uncertainty, executives ranked this a higher risk. In 2010, when the global economy seemed to be back on track after almost two years of economic recovery, this issue shrank to its lowest level.
You also need to consider that governments are always looking to get re-elected. There are many non-economic factors that play into government policy, such as environmental protection, public health and safety, energy and water consumption, rights of indigenous peoples, exploitation of developing countries, and so on. Because of the risks and hazards inherent in the mining industry, it is an easy target for government regulation that can restrict economic growth. There’s also the fact that mining brings up feelings of nationalism everywhere, and people don’t like to feel they’re giving their country’s resources away to foreigners. A good example of this is the Canadian government’s rejection of the BHP bid for Potash Corp.
Translation - Indonesian Banyak pemerintahan di seluruh dunia saat ini sedang menghadapi tantangan berat sebagai akibat dari situasi ekonomi dewasa ini. Dengan semua permasalahan yang sedang mereka hadapi, akankah Anda terkejut melihat tingkat campur tangan pemerintah di bidang industry tambang?
Dalam banyak hal, campur tangan pemerintah di bidang industry tambang dalam situasi krisis ekonomi bukanlah suatu reaksi yang mengejutkan. Di satu sisi, pembengkakan defisit menciptakan dorongan yang kuat bagi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pajak pendapatan dengan cara menaikkan atau memperkenalkan aturan royalti atau pajak pendapatan yang baru. Dalam kondisi tingginya tingkat harga logam dan besarnya uang kas yang dihimpun oleh perusahaan tambang dewasa ini, adalah mudah untuk memahami alasan pemerintah menganggap industri pertambangan memiliki uang lebih untuk dibagi. Di sisi lainnya, tingginya pengangguran membuat pemerintah juga ingin mendorong pengembangan tambang baru untuk menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dan mendongkrak pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Pola-pola penelitian oleh Forum Eksekutif Tambang menunjukkan korelasi antara ketidakpastian ekonomi dan keprihatinan atas campur tangan pemerintah. Dalam tahun 2008, 2009 dan 2011, tahun-tahun ketidakpastian ekonomi, para eksekutif memnberikan peringkat resiko lebih tinggi. Di tahun 2010, ketika ekonomi global terlihat akan kembali membaik sesudah dua tahun pemulihan ekonomi, issue ekonomi resiko tinggi ini merosot ke tingat paling rendah.
Anda harus mempertimbangkan pula bahwa pemerintah selalu mencari peluang untuk dipilih kembali. Ada banyak faktor non ekonomi yang menentukan kebijakan pemerintahan, misalnya perlindungan lingkungan, Keselamatan dan kesehatan umum, konsumsi air dan energi, hak-hak penduduk asli, eksploitasi Negara berkembang, dan seterusnya. Karena selalu mengandung resiko dan bahaya, maka industri pertambangan menjadi sasaran yang empuk bagi peraturan pemerintah yang dapat membatasi pertumbuhann ekonomi. Demikian pula kenyataan bahwa usaha pertambangan selalu membangkitkan rasa nasionalisme di mana pun, di mana rakyat tidak ingin menyerahkan sumberdaya milik bangsanya sendiri kepada bangsa asing. Contoh yang bagus untuk hal ini adalah penolakan pemerintah Kanada terhadap upaya BHP mengambil alih Potash Corp.
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