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Portuguese to English: Ações Ordinárias e Ações Preferenciais/ Common Shares and Preferred Shares
Source text - Portuguese Existem vários tipos de ações e as principais são as ações ordinárias e as ações preferenciais.
Ações Ordinárias
Ações ordinárias são aquelas que dão ao investidor o direito de votar nas assembléias. Cada possuidor de ações tem direito a um voto não importando o número de ações que possui. As ações ordinárias geralmente apresentam melhor desempenho do que as ações preferenciais.
Como vimos no início deste guia, se você possui ações ordinárias, você é dono parcial da empresa e tem o direito de participar da definição dos rumos do negócio.
Além disso, por lei, os possuidores de ações ordinárias têm direito de vender suas ações por pelo menos 80% do valor pago por um possível comprador da empresa ao seu controlador atual. Este direito se chama tag along
Exemplo: O acionista controlador de uma empresa vende as ações ordinárias da empresa ASDF S.A. por R$ 100 (cada ação) para outro investidor e transfere o controle da empresa.
O comprador das ações é obrigado a, por lei, fazer uma Oferta Pública de Aquisição de Ações para adquirir as ações ordinárias restantes da ASDF. E esta oferta deve ser de pelo menos R$ 80 por ação
Em outras palavras, se você possuir ações ordinárias da ASDF S.A. e quiser se desfazer delas porque a companhia trocou de controlador, você poderá fazê-lo com preço garantido de R$ 80/ação.
Lembrando que o tag along lhe dá o direito, mas não a obrigação, de vender suas ações.
Ações preferenciais
Ações preferenciais não dão direito à voto nas assembléias da empresa ou restringem este direito de alguma forma. Por outro lado, investidores possuidores de ações preferenciais têm o direito no recebimento de dividendos e/ou outros proventos distribuídos pela empresa.
Ações preferenciais terão prioridade no caso de reembolso do capital e na distribuição de dividendos.
Outros tipos de ações
As empresas também podem emitir outros tipos de ações. No Brasil é muito comum a emissão de ações preferenciais com classes distintas, cada uma com seu próprios direitos e restrições.
A empresa é livre para determinar os direitos e restrições de outras tipos de ações e para saber o que se aplica às ações que você possui, você deve consultar as atas de assembléias nas quais esses tipos de ações foram definidas.
Existem diversos mercados de ações no mundo. Dentre os mais importantes devemos mencionar: A Bolsa de Nova Iorque (New York Stock Exchange — NYSE), a NASDAQ, a Bolsa de Londres e a Bolsa de Tóquio.
Translation - English There are several types of shares and the main ones are the common shares and preferred shares.
Common Shares
Common shares are those that give the investor the right to vote in the shareholders’ meetings. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote regardless of the number of shares held. Common shares usually perform better than preferred shares.
As we saw in the beginning of this guide, if you own common shares, you are a partial owner of the company and you have the right to participate in defining the direction of the business.
Moreover, by law, the common shareholders are entitled to sell their shares for at least 80 % of the amount paid by a possible buyer of the company to its current controller. This right is called tag along.
Example: The controlling shareholder of a company sells the common shares of company ASDF S.A for R$100 (each share) to another investor and transfers control of the company.
The buyer of the shares is legally required to make a Public Offer for the Acquisition of Shares to acquire the remaining common shares of ASDF. And this offer must be of at least US$ 80 per share.
In other words, if you are a holder of common shares of ASDF S.A. and want to sell them because the company changed the controller, you may do so for a guaranteed price of $80 per share.
Remembering that the tag along gives you the right but not the obligation to sell your shares.
Preferred Shares
Preferred shares will not give entitlement to vote in the shareholders’ meetings of the company or will restrict this right in some way. On the other hand, holders of preferred shares have the right to receive dividends and / or other income distributed by the company.
Preferred shares shall have priority in case of capital reimbursement and in the distribution of dividends.
Other types of Shares
Companies may issue other types of shares as well. The issuance of preferred shares with distinct classes is very common in Brazil, each with its own rights and restrictions.
The company is free to determine the rights and restrictions of other types of shares, and to find out what applies to the shares you have, you should consult the minutes of the shareholders' meeting in which these types of shares have been defined.
There are several stock markets in the world. Among the most important we should mention: The New York Stock Exchange - NYSE, NASDAQ, the London Stock Exchange and the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
English to Portuguese: OTC Medicines and Prescription Drugs/ Medicamentos de Venda Livre e Medicamentos Sujeitos à Prescrição Médica General field: Medical
Source text - English The FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) recognizes two broad classes of drugs: those that do not require a prescription (OTC medicines) and prescription drugs. The over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are those that can be self-administered safely by the public, without prescription or guidance of a physician.
Prescription drugs require a written prescription before they can be released and are administered under the guidance of a health care professional.
The distinction between the use of OTC medicines and prescription drugs is less clear when dealing with analgesic agents that are available to the public for self-medication. In the past, many of these over-the-counter medications available on the market nowadays were sold as prescription drugs.
While all over-the-counter analgesics/antipyretics agents seem to share a common mechanism of inhibition of prostaglandin, there are important differences in their pharmacology, efficacies and side-effect profiles. Taking into account its frequently unsupervised use, the risk-benefit of this class of drugs has been extremely favorable. However, when used inappropriately, even these drugs can pose significant risks to certain populations of patients. Patient education is extremely important to promote safe and effective use of over-the-counter medications.
Requirements that an analgesic must meet in order to be available for sale over-the- counter:
• Activity and low toxicity for use as OTC medicine
• Not harmful to specific populations (elderly and people with liver or renal dysfunction)
• No dangerous drug interactions with prescription medicines
• Satisfactory pharmacokinetics (rapid and complete absorption, rapid elimination even in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction)
• Low toxicity in case of overdose
• No long term toxicity with chronic or recurrent use
Abbreviation: OTC - over- the-counter medicine
Translation - Portuguese A FDA (Agência Americana Reguladora de Alimentos e Remédios) reconhece duas amplas classes de medicamentos: os medicamentos que não exigem prescrição médica (medicamentos de venda livre) e os medicamentos sujeitos à prescrição médica. Os medicamentos de venda livre são aqueles que podem ser auto-administrados pelo público com segurança, sem prescrição médica ou orientação de um médico.
Os medicamentos sujeitos à prescrição médica requerem uma prescrição por escrito antes que eles possam ser dispensados e são administrados sob a orientação de um profissional de saúde.
A distinção entre o uso de medicamentos de venda livre e daqueles sujeitos à prescrição médica fica menos clara ao se tratar de agentes analgésicos que estão disponíveis ao público para a automedicação. No passado, muitos desses medicamentos de venda livre disponíveis no mercado hoje em dia eram vendidos como medicamentos sujeitos à prescrição médica.
Embora todos os agentes analgésicos/antipiréticos de venda livre pareçam compartilhar um mecanismo comum de inibição de prostaglandinas, existem diferenças importantes nas suas propriedades famacológicas, eficácias e nos seus perfis de efeitos colaterais. Levando em consideração o seu uso que frequentemente não é supervisionado, a relação risco-benefício desta classe de medicamentos tem sido extremamente favorável. Entretanto, quando usados inadequadamente, até mesmo estes medicamentos representam riscos significativos à saúde de certas populações de pacientes. A educação do paciente é extremamente importante para promover o uso seguro e eficaz de medicamentos de venda livre.
Requisitos que um analgésico deve atender afim de poder estar disponível para venda livre:
• Atividade e baixa toxicidade para uso como medicamento de venda livre
• Não nocivo à saúde de populações específicas (idosos e pessoas com disfunção hepática ou renal)
• Nenhuma interação medicamentosa perigosa com medicamentos sujeitos à prescrição médica
• Farmacocinética satisfatória (absorção rápida e completa, eliminação rápida até mesmo em pacientes com disfunção hepática ou renal)
• Baixa toxicidade em caso de superdosagem
• Nenhuma toxicidade a longo prazo com o uso crônico ou repetitivo
My name is Mary Palmer and I am a professional Portuguese to English/English to Portuguese translator with over 15 years of experience. I am a Brazilian native but literally grew up bilingual since my father is American and my mother is Brazilian. I lived in both countries Brazil and the United States for more than 20 years, have excellent command of both languages and am very familiar with their cultures, traditions and customs.
While living in the US (Cincinnati, OH), my late husband and I owned a Foundation Repair Company during 11 years and I managed the business. I have therefore gained extensive experience in numerous fields such as construction, engineering, human resources, finances, accounting, business administration, marketing/advertising, etc. Our foundation repair company was a certified dealer of AB Chance Company/Hubbell Power Systems, Inc., a manufacturer of helical piers and brackets which are used to secure residential and commercial buildings. I performed a wide variety of duties such as:
→ All Human Resource Administration duties;
→ Payroll process and expense reporting through Quick Books;
→ Accounts payable and receivable; invoicing for multiple customers;
→ Extensive work in Excel and Word;
→ Shipping and transportation of equipment;
→ Preparation of addenda, structural drawings, contracts and proposals;
→ Daily record keeping, check writing, deposits, withdrawals;
→ Reconciliation of all cash receipts;
→ Established excellent working relationships with customers.
I am a proud member of the Proz.com Certified Pro Network (CPN) which is a certification program initiated in 2008 in full compliance with the EN15038 quality standards. I was admitted into this Network of Professional Translators in June 2009 (Portuguese to English) and March 2012 (English to Portuguese). In order to be accepted into the Proz.com Certified Pro Network, the translator must pass a test and meet the following requirements:
1. Translation ability :
► Competence in source
► Competence in target
► Research competence
► Cultural competence
► Technical competence
2. Business reliability
3. Good Citizenship
Below you will find links to a few of my Kudoz answers chosen as most helpful by the askers:
I have excellent translation skills and fluent precision in both languages Portuguese and English. I pay close attention to detail and possess an exceptional ability to produce accurate and precise translations in a timely manner. I am a highly motivated, quick learner and hard working person. With each translation assignment, I strive for nothing less than excellence.
I am a widow and have 2 daughters (both Americans) who are also fluent in both languages.
If you are looking for an experienced translator to fulfill all your Portuguese/English translation needs, look no further, you have just found one!
I provide high quality translations and always make sure the translated text conveys the same message as the source language text and can be easily understood by a native English or Brazilian Portuguese speaker.
My daily output is around 3000 words. My rates per source word will depend upon the size and complexity of the translation project. If you have any questions or need a quote, please don't hesitate to contact me. I am available 7 days a week, including holidays. My email address is [email protected].
Your complete satisfaction is my greatest reward!
CV and references will be furnished upon request.
NOTE: I am willing to take any test to prove my translation abilities.
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