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Slovenian to English: Threats to and the conservation of bats in Slovenia / Ogroženost in varstvo netopirjev v Sloveniji General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - Slovenian Ogroženost in varstvo netopirjev v Sloveniji
V Sloveniji je bilo do leta 2008 zabeleženih 30 vrst netopirjev, vendar smo jih v zadnjih desetletjih redno videvali le 28 (Presetnik in sod. 2007). To je relativno veliko število vrst za malo površino naše državo v primerjavi s številom vrst netopirjev v drugih večjih evropskih državah. Dobro je, da raznovrstnost in številčnost netopirjev v Sloveniji ljudje varujemo in ohranjamo, saj je bioološka pestrost vrednota že sama po sebi, netopirji pa imajo tudi pomembno vlogo pri vzdrževanju dinamičnega ravnovesja v naravi (npr. lahko delno uravnavajo število žuželk).
Varstvo netopirjev je dejavnost, katere poglavitni cilj je ohranjati vse vrste netopirjev. Varstvo netopirjev pomeni tudi ohranjanje njihovih življenjskih prostorov, tako njihovih zatočišč (prezimovališč, kotišč, parišč) kot njihovih prehranjevalnih habitatov (življenjskih prostorov)
Varstvo netopirjev se izvaja na več ravneh:
1.) Pravni red in zakonske podlage s področja varstva narave, okolja in živali podaja pravila nujnega ravnanja, definira nedopustna dejanja in določa kazenske posledice kršenja teh predpisov,
2.) Aktivnosti za ohranjanje in varstvo netopirjev v praksi zakonske določbe oživljajo v praksi,
3.) Informativne in izobraževalne dejavnosti najširšo javnosti seznanjajo z določbami varstvenih predpisov in strokovnimi (biološkimi) vzroki zanje.
Podzavihki:
1. OGROŽANJE IN VARSTVO
2. VARSTVO V ZAKONODAJI
3. VARSTVO V PRAKSI
4 RAZISKAVE IN LITERATURA
Pripravila: Monika Podgorelec
Besedilo z varstveno tematiko na spletni strani je bilo pripravljeno v okviru projketa »Ne moti, netopijri spimo!«, ki ga je finančno podprl Urad vlade RS za komuniciranje v sodelovanju z Ministrstvom za okolje in prostor.
Ob kliku na podzavihek 1. OGROŽANJE IN VARSTVO se odpre:
OGROŽANJE IN VARSTVO NETOPIRJEV
Najprej: znebite se strahu pred netopirji, odvrzite stare vraže! Netopirji se ne zapletajo v lase in ne delajo gnezd v laseh! Netopirji imajo namreč zelo dober način zaznavanja okolice – eholokacija. Z oddajanjem visokofrekvenčnih tonov in s poslušanjem njihovega odboja od ovir zaznajo niti, ki so tanjše od vašega lasu!
Običajno so predsodki tisti, zaradi katerih ljudje netopirje še vedno ubijajo ali zastrupljajo. Sprejmite netopirje za svoje sosede, pojedli bodo marsikatero žuželko, ki sicer ponoči brenčijo okoli vaše glave ali objedajo vašo zelenjavo na vrtu. Tudi zakonsko je netopirje prepovedano ubijati in vznemirjati.
Netopirji so ena bolj najbolj ogroženih živalskih skupin tako v Sloveniji (Ur.l. RS, št. 82/02), kot tudi v Evropi in v svetu (Hutson in sod. 2001). Pogosto jih ogroža človeška nevednost. Če poznamo življenjske navade netopirjev, jih lahko tudi ustrezno varujemo.
Netopirje najpogosteje ogroža človek s svojim poseganjem v prostor, npr.
- uničevanje netopirskih zatočišč z obnovami stavb,
- preprečevanje dostopa v stavbe z zamreženjem odprtin,
- nepravilna postavitev rešetk na jamskih vhodih,
- vznemirjanje na zatočiščih (npr. jamski turizem),
- osvetljevanje preletalnih odprtin na zatočiščih in splošno svetlobno onesnaževanje,
- uničevanje, drobljenje gozdov ali sprememba v gospodarjenju z gozdovi (odstranjevanje starih dreves z dupli, uničevanje prehranjevalnega prostora),
- uničevanje ključnih linearnih elementov v krajini (mejice, žive meje, osamljena drevesa…),
- pretirana uporaba pesticidov na kmetijskih površinah,
- uporaba za sesalce strupenih sredstev za ohranjanje lesa v netopirskih zatočiščih
Včasih se zgodi, da ljudje zaradi strahu, predsodkov in umazanije zaradi netopirskega gvana (iztrebkov) ali pa čiste zlobe še vedno
- namerno ubijajo ali zastrupljajo netopirje v bližini svojih bivališč.
Netopirji pa so lahko tudi
- žrtve prometa (npr. Denac 2003),
- žrtve vetrnih elektrarn (Rodrigues s sod. 2008).
Zaradi zgoraj obravnavanih človekovih negativnih vplivov na netopirje in njihove življenjske prostore je varstvo teh, predvsem žužkojedih živali velikega pomen
Slika 1: obnavljanje cerkve
Objekte, kjer imajo netopirji svoja zatočišča, obnavljamo, ko netopirjev ni v objektu. Na toplih podstrehah se netopirji običajno zadržujejo le v toplem delu leta. Takrat kotijo in vzrejajo mladiče, zato je še posebej pomembno, da jih ne motimo.
Slika: M. Podgorelec
Slika 2: zamreženo okno
Preletne odprtine skozi katere netopirji izletavajo iz zatočišča in se vanj vračajo ne smemo zapirati. Obnove morajo biti izpeljane tako, da imajo netopirji še vedno prost prelet.
Slika: M. Podgorelec
Slika 3: pravilno nameščene rešetke v jame
Vhodi v jame se običajno zapirajo zaradi varnosti ljudi in zaradi ohranjanja jamskega okolja. Pri tem moramo biti pozorni, da so rešetke na vhodi nameščene tako, da imajo netopirji prost prelet iz jame ven in obratno. Najbolje je, če so reže vodoravne, dolge vsaj 40 cm in visoke vsaj 15 cm. (preverii!!!!)
Slika: P. Presetnik
Slika 4: veliko ljudi v jami, prireditev
Netopirjev v njihovih zatočiščih ne smemo vznemirjati. Jamski turizem in druge aktivnosti v jamah naj se izvajajo v obdobju, ko netopirji ne prezimujejo oz. se izogibati delom, kjer najdemo netopirje. Netopirji med zimskim spanjem lahko porabijo ...
Slika: M. Podgorelec
Slika 5: svetlobna osvetlitev
Za podrobnosti o vplivu svetl. onesn. klikni tukaj
Slika: A. Petrinjak
Slika 6: Ortofoto posnetek mozaične pokrajine in/ali pa dupla
Ohranjati je potrebno mozaično pokrajino: preplet obdelanih površin, gozdov, mejic, visokodebelnih sadovnjakov. V gozdovih, sadovnjakih in parkih je potrebno puščati drevesa z odprtinami. Nekatere vrste si v njih poiščejo zatočišče.
Slika 7: uporaba pesticidov
Netopirje uporaba pesticidov v kmetijstvu ogroža posredno, kajti te kemične snovi se kopičijo v prehranjevalnih verigah in vplivajo na delovanje organizma. Živali so zaradi tega neplodne ali/in hitreje poginejo.
Slika 8: premazan tram oz. barvanje netopirice (bom jaz poslala eno)
Les na katerem visijo netopirji (tramovi, opaži, netopirnice) naj bodo zaščiteni z naravnimi premazi npr. laneno olje in borova sol.
Slika 9: povoožen netopir
Slika: M. Podgorelec
Slika 10: slika netop pod vetrnicami (Jana)
Slika: J. Mlakar
Ob kliku na podzavihek 2. VARSTVO V ZAKONODAJI se odpre:
PRAVNI RED IN ZAKONSKE PODLAGE S PODROČJA VARSTVA NETOPIRJEV
Vsi netopirji so v Sloveniji zakonsko zavarovane živali, zato je za delo z njimi potrebno imeti posebno dovoljenje Ministrstva za okolje in prostor, ki ga glede na mnenje Zavoda RS za varstvo narave izda Agencija RS za okolje.
Bistvene stvari določene v pravnih predpisih določajo, da netopirjev ne smemo zavestno poškodovati, zastrupiti, usmrtiti, odvzeti iz narave, loviti, ujeti, zadrževati v ujetništvu, vznemirjati ali z njimi trgovati. Prav tako se ne sme poškodovati in uničevati njihovih življenjskih prostorov (zatočišč). Za vsako kršitev so predvidene visoke kazni.
Prvi nujen korak za učinkovito izvajanje varstva netopirjev v praksi je obstoj pravne podlage, ki z zakoni in ostalimi pravnimi akti ureja in določa področje varovanja in ohranjanja netopirjev. Varstvo netopirjev v Sloveniji urejajo:
1.1. Slovenska zakonodaja z naslednjimi akti
- Zakon o ohranjanju narave (ZON - UBP2) (Ur.l.RS, št. 96/2004)
- Zakon o varstvu podzemnih jam (ZVPJ) (Ur.l. RS, št. 2/2004)
- Zakon o zaščiti živali (ZZZiv) (Ur.l. RS, št. 98/1999, popr. 126/2003, 20/2004, 61/2006, , 14/2007, 43/2007=
- Zakon o varstvu okolja (ZVO – 1) –(Ur.l. RS, št.41/2004)
- Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih živalskih vrstah (Ur.l.RS, št. 46/2004, popr. 109/2004, 84/2005, 115/2007, 96/2008)
- Uredba o ekološko pomembnih območjih (Ur.l. RS, št. 48/2004)
- Uredba o posebnih varstvenih območjih (območjih Natura 2000) (Ur.l.RS, št. 49/2004, popr. 110/2004, 59/2007, 43/2008)
- Uredba o mejnih vrednostih svetlobnega onesnaževanja okolja (Ur.l. RS, št. 81/2007, popr. 109/2007).
- Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst v rdeči seznam (Ur.l.RS, št. 82/2002)
- Kazenski zakonik Republike Slovenije (KZ) (Ur.l. RS, št. 63/1994 popr. 70/1994 popr. 23/1999, 60/1999 Odl.US: U-I-226/95, 40/2004, 95/2004-UPB1, 37/2005 Odl.US: U-I-335/02-20, 17/2006 Odl.US: U-I-192/04-16, 55/2008 (66/2008 popr.), 89/2008 Odl.US: U-I-25/07-43)
Pravni akti ter njhova dopolnila in sprememb so dostopna na spletni strani http://www.uradni-list.si/.
1.2. Evropska zakonodaja z
- Direktive Sveta 92/43/EGS z dne 21. maja 1992 o ohranjanju naravnih habitatov ter prosto živečih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst (Ur.l. RS 206 z dne 22.07.1992)
- (The Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora - "The Habitat Directive"), kjer so v prilogi II navedene vrste, za katere so bila določena tudi posebna varstvena območja - območja Natura 2000 v Sloveniji (http://www.natura2000.gov.si/ ), v prilogi IV pa so vrste, ki jih je treba v interesu skupnosti strogo varovati (vsi slovenski netopirji). Zahteve te direktive sveta so delno izpolnjene z Uredbo o zavarovanih prosto živečih živalskih vrstah.
1.3. Ostala mednarodna zakonodaja z naslednjimi akti
- Bonska konvencija oz. Konvencija o varstvu selitvenih vrst prostoživečih živali (The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals – CMS) (Ur. l. RS-MP 18/98, popr. 27/99; Slovenija ratificirala l. 1998) še posebej njen
- Sporazum o varstvu populacij evropskih netopirjev (Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe – EUROBATS (Ur. l. RS-MP, št. 22/03; Slovenija ratificirala l. 2003).
- Bernska konvencija oz. Konvencija o ohranjanju prostoživečega evropskega rastlinstva in živalstva ter njunih naravnih življenjskih prostorov (The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats) (Ur. l. RS 55/99, MP št. 17/99; Slovenija ratificirala l. 1999)
- Konvencija o biološki raznovrstnosti (The Convention on Biological Diversity – CBD) (Ur. l .RS, 30/96, MP št. 7/96; Slovenija ratificirala l. 1996)
- Svetovni rdeči seznam ogroženih vrst IUCN – IUCN Red List of threatened Species (Hutson in sod. 2001) mislim da je letos oktobra izšel nov - treba preveriti
Ob kliku na podzavihek 3. VARSTVO V PRAKSI se odpre:
AKTIVNOSTI ZA OHRANJANJE IN VARSTVO NETOPIRJEV V PRAKSI
Varstveni ukrepi za ohranjanje netopirjev v praksi se izvajajo na različnih področjih. Nekateri od teh so se v Sloveniji že izvajali s strani različnih strokovnih služb (Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Zavod RS za varstvo narave…), z nekaterimi od teh pa že ima izkušnje tudi naše društvo.
2.1 Poznavanje osnovnega stanja netopirjev in redno spremljanje stanja (monitoring)
Predpogoj za uspešno varstvo in ohranjanje netopirjev v praksi je dobro poznavanje stanja razširjenosti in če je možno številčnosti netopirjev v Sloveniji (Hlad in Skoberne, 2001) ter stalno spremljanje stanja z raziskavami in rednim terenskim delom. Na podlagi takih informacij lahko opazimo kakršnekoli spremembe v številčnosti populacije neke vrste in določimo, kje bodo varstveni ukrepi učinkoviti in smiselni. Monitoring za vse vrste netopirjev se v Sloveniji izvaja po programu in z metodologijo, ki so ga predlagali Presetnik in sod. (2007), nosilec spremljanja stanja pa je Center za kartografijo favne in flore.
2.2 Splošno varstvo prehranjevalnih habitatov in drugih za netopirje pomembnih elementov v krajini
Potrebno je ohranjati npr. velike in nerazdrobljene površine gozda, stara drevesa z dupli, ekstenzivno gojene travnike, visokodebelne sadovnjake, mejice… in opuščati velik vnos pesticidov. Stremeti je potrebno k zmanjševanju svetlobnega onesnaževanja, zardi katerega se zmanjšuje številčnost in raznolikost žuželk (hrane netopirjev).
2.3 Varstvo zatočišč
Potrebno je dosledno varovanje vseh pomembnih prezimovališč (jame, rudniki, kleti gradov), kotišč na podstrehah stavb in v duplih starih dreves, parišč (mesta, kjer se parijo netopirji) in prehodnih zatočišč, preprečevati zamreženja in osvetljevanja preletalnih odprtin in zagotavljati svetovanja pri obnovah stavb…
Primer: Ajdovska jama, Brestanica, Rihemberk (link na Klemnovo poročilo)
2.4 Vzpostavljanje novih možnih zatočišč (netopirnice idr.)
Npr. s prostim dostopom na neposeljena podstrešja, ustvarjanjem špranjastih zatočišč ob fasadah ter strehah hiš, s postavljanjem netopirnic v gozdove, na stavbe…
Primer: Nameščanje netopirnic ob Ljubljanici
2.5 Zmanjševanje tveganja za nesreče
Pri načrtovanju infrastrukture, še posebej večjih cest in vetrnih elektrarn se je treba izogibati pomebnih življenjskih prostorov za netopirje , bližine zatočišč z večjimi gručami netopirjev…
2.6 Skrb za onemogle netopirje
Skrb za poškodovanega ali onemoglega netopirja ne prispeva bistveno k obstoječi populaciji netopirjev, je pa pomemben del pri širjenju informacij o pomenu varstva netopirjev med ljudmi.
Netopirje lahko pomagamo ohranjati in varovati tudi z
2.7 Informiranjem in izobraževanjem najširše javnosti
Česar ne poznamo in ne cenimo, ne moremo varovati. Zato je širjenje informacij o netopirjih, njihovi ogroženosti in varstvu med vsemi starostnimi skupinami velikega pomena. Tako lahko npr. povečamo možnost pravočasnega obveščanja o prisotnosti netopirjev v stavbi in o načrtovanih obnovitvenih delih.
Primer: Evropska noč netopirjev (povezava tja)
Ob kliku na podzavihek 4 RAZISKAVE IN LITERATURA naj se odpre:
A) LITERATURA uporabljana pri sestavi varstvene tematike na naši spletni strani:
B) RAZISKAVE NA PODROČJU VARSTVA NETOPIRJEV
Svetlobno onesnaževanje
Pripravila: Monika Podgorelec
Besedilo z varstveno tematiko na spletni strani je bilo pripravljeno v okviru projketa »Ne moti, netopijri spimo!«, ki ga je finančno podprl Urad vlade RS za komuniciranje v sodelovanju z Ministrstvom za okolje in prostor.
Translation - English Threats to and the conservation of bats in Slovenia
Up until 2008, 30 species of bats have been recorded in Slovenia, and of these, 28 species have been sighted in recent years (Presetnik et al. 2007). Considering the small size of the country this is a relatively large variety of bat species in comparison to the numbers of species in larger European countries. It is important that people in Slovenia protect and preserve the diversity of bats as they have an important role in maintaining the balance of nature (for example, by regulating the number of insects).
The conservation of bats has, as its main goal, the retention of all bat species. The conservation of bats also means conserving their habitats, such as their roosts (winter roosts, maternity roosts, breeding roosts) and their foraging areas (territories where they are active)
The conservation of bats occurs on a number of levels:
1.) Legislation regarding the conservation of nature, the environment and animals contains regulations which deal with urgent actions, and defines unacceptable actions as well as the criminal consequences of any breach of the regulations,
2.) Legal provisions are, in practice, reenergizing bat conservation and protection
3.) Informational and educational activities introduce conservation regulations and their scientific (biological) basis to the general public.
Subheadings:
1.THREATS AND CONSERVATION
2. CONSERVATION AND LEGISLATION
3. CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE
4 RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
Clicking on the link 1.THREATS AND CONSERVATION takes you to:
THREATS AND CONSERVATION OF BATS
Although in nature bats have few predators, the population number of some species (lesser horseshoe bat, greater mouse-eared bat) in Europe in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century drastically decreased (Dietz et al. 2007). The reasons were unclear at the time, but the decline coincided with the introduction of pesticides and the renovation of buildings where they were roosting. Today the bats in Slovenia (Official Gazette of RS, No., 82/02), as also in Europe and in the world (Hutson et al. 2001) are treated as one of the more endangered animal groups, and it is known that bats are most at risk from people interfering with their habitat areas, for instance:
- the destruction of bat roost sites with the renovation of buildings,
- the prevention of access to buildings by meshing entrances,
- the incorrect installation of grates at cave entrances,
- the disturbance of roost sites (e.g. cave tourism),
- the lighting up of flight entrances and exits on buildings containing roost sites, as well as general light pollution,
- the destruction and reduction of forests, or changes in the management of forests (removing old trees with hollows, destroying foraging areas),
- the destruction of key linear elements in the landscape (borders, hedges, isolated trees …),
- the excessive use of pesticides on agricultural land,
- the use of wood preservation substances which are poisonous to mammals.
It sometimes happens that people because of fear, prejudice or the mess of bat guano (of excrement) or out of pure malice still:
- intentionally kill or poison bats in the vicinity of their residences.
Bats are also:
- victims of traffic,
- victims of wind power generators.
Due to the above-mentioned negative effects of people on bats and their habitats the protection of these insectivorous animals is especially important.
Dodaj nekaj prejšnjih slikic, po moje ni treb aspremnega besedila (nimam časaprevajat).
Photo 1: church renovation
The renovation of buildings containing bats should occur when bats are not present. Bats stay in the the warmth of roof spaces only in the warmer months of the year. They usually give birth at that time and raise pups which is why it is especially important that we do not disturb them.
Photo 2: latticed window
Openings through which bats gain access to and leave their roosts should not be closed off. Renovation should occur in such a manner that the bats still have free access.
Photo 3: pravilno nameščene rešetke v jame
Vhodi v jame se običajno zapirajo zaradi varnosti ljudi in zaradi ohranjanja jamskega okolja. Pri tem moramo biti pozorni, da so rešetke na vhodi nameščene tako, da imajo netopirji prost prelet iz jame ven in obratno. Najbolje je, če so reže vodoravne, dolge vsaj 40 cm in visoke vsaj 15 cm. (preverii!!!!)
Photo 3: correctly installed grates to caves
Entrances to caves are usually closed for the safety of people and to preserve the cave environment. Care must be taken to ensure that grates at entrances are installed so that bats still have free flight access in and out of the caves. It is best if the spaces between the grates are horizontal, at least 40 cm long and at least 15 cm high. (preverii!!!!)
Photo 4: many people in a cave for an event
We should not disturb bats in their roost areas. Cave tourism and other cave activities should occur at the times when bats are not wintering there, or in sections which do not contain bats. Bats during winter can use up ....
Photo 5: lighting
For detailed informtion of the impact of light pollution click here:
Photo 6: Ortofoto photograph of a mosaic landscape and/or of hollows
Mosaic landscapes should be preserved with their interwoven areas of: cultivated land, forests, hedges, and mature orchards. In forests, orchards and parks it is necessary to leave trees with hollows as some species shelter in them.
Photo 7: use of pesticides
The use of pesticides in agriculture is endangering bats indirectly, as these chemical substances accumulate in food chains and affect the natural processes of organisms. Animals are infertile because of this and/or die sooner.
Photo 8: coated beams or painted bat bozes
The wood from which bats hang (beams, panels, bat boxes) should be protected with natural coatings e.g. linseed oil and pine salt.
Photo 9: Bat hit by a car
Photo 10: photo beneath the blades of a wind generator.
Clicking on the link 2. CONSERVATION AND LEGISLATION takes you to:
LEGISLATION REGARDING THE CONSERVATION OF BATS
Bats in all of Slovenia are legally protected animals, which is why it is necessary to have special permission from the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning under advisement from the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, in order to work with them.
The key items mentioned in the regulations specify that we may not: hurt deliberately, poison, kill, remove from nature, hunt, capture, keep in captivity, disturb or trade in bats. Also, we may not hurt or destroy their habitats (roost sites). Severe sanctions are prescribed for violations.
In practice, the most vital requirement needed for the efficient conservation of bats is the existence of a legal foundation that with laws and other legal instruments regulates and defines the area of the protection and conservation of bats. The following relate to the protection of bats in Slovenia:
1.1. Slovene legislation with the following acts:
- law on nature conservation (Conservation law - UPB2) (Official Gazette of RS, No., 96/04)
- law on underground cave conservation (ZVPJ) (Official Gazette of RS, No., 2/04)
- law on environmental protection (ZVO - 1) -( Official Gazette of RS, No.,.41/04)
- regulation regarding the placement of endangered plants and animal species on the red list (Official Gazette of RS, No., 82/02)
- regulation regarding ecologically important areas (Official Gazette of RS, No., 48/04)
- regulation regarding specially protected areas (Nature 2000) (Official Gazette of RS, No., 49/04) and changes and supplements to the regulation (Official Gazette of RS, No., 110/04, 59/07, 43/08)
- regulation restricting light pollution (Official Gazette of RS, No., 81/07) and changes and supplements to the regulation (Official Gazette of RS, No., 109/07)
European legislation with the following:
- The Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora - "The Habitat Directive", which lists in supplement II species, for which particular areas are also specified
- Nature 2000 in Slovenia, in supplement IV there are species, that must, out of collective interest, be strictly protected (all Slovene bats).
1.3. Remaining international legislation within the following acts:
- The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals – CMS (Official Gazette of RS-MP 18/98, correction 27/99; ratified by Slovenia in 1998) especially its: Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe – EUROBATS (Official Gazette of RS -MP, No. 22/03; Slovenia ratified year in 2003).
- The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Official Gazette of RS 55/99, MP No. 17/99; ratified by Slovenia in 1999)
- The Convention on Biological Diversity – CBD (Official Gazette of RS, 30/96, MP No. 7/96; ratified by Slovenia in 1996)
- IUCN Red List of threatened Species (Hutson et al. 2001)
Clicking on the link 3. CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE takes you to:
ACTIVITIES FOR THE CONSERVATION AND PROTECTION OF BATS IN PRACTICE
Protective measures for the conservation of bats exist in a number of different areas. Some from these are already performed by different professional bodies in Slovenia (Centre for the Cartography of Fauna and Flora, The Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation …), our Association also has some experience with some of these.
2.1 Knowledge of the basic status of bats and the regular monitoring of their status
A prerequisite for the successful protection and conservation of bats in Slovenia in practice, is a thorough knowledge of their distribution and, if possible, their numbers and the regular monitoring of their status with research and regular fieldwork. Based on such information we can notice any changes in numbers of a certain species and can choose where conservation measures would be the most logical and efficient. The monitoring of all species of bats in Slovenia is being conducted following the plan and methodology proposed by Presetnik at al. (2007), the Centre for the Cartography of Fauna and Flora is in charge of monitoring the status of bats.
2.2 General protection of the foraging areas and other habitats of bats and of important landscape elements
It is necessary to preserve, for example, large and unbroken areas of forest cover, old trees with hollows, large cultivates meadows, mature orchards with tall tree trunks, hedges … and to abandon the large-scale use of pesticides.
2.3 Conservation of roost sites
It is necessary to protect all important wintering areas consistently (caves, mines, castle cellars), maternity roosts in the roof spaces of buildings and in old tree hollows, mating sites and transitional roosts, to ban the meshing and lighting up of flight openings and to ensure that consultancy takes place regarding the renovation of buildings …
Examples: Ajdovščina Cave, Brestanica, Rihemberk
2.4 Establishment of potential new roost sites
For example, with free access to uninhabited roof spaces, creating crevice roosts on the facades and roofs of houses, with the installation of bat boxes in forests, on buildings …
Example: Installing bat boxes next to the Ljubljanica River
2.5 Reducing accident risks
When planning infrastructure, especially large roads and wind power generators it is necessary to avoid: important bat habitats, the area around the vicinity of roost sites with larger clusters of bats …
2.6 Care of sick or injured bats
The care of sick or injured bats does not directly contribute to the existing population of bats, but is an important part of spreading information about the conservation of bats to the general public.
2.7 Educating and informing the general public
We cannot protect what we do not know and value. That is why it is so important to spread information about bats and their endangered status among all age groups. In this way, for example, we can increase the likelihood of the timely notification about the presence of bats in buildings and of planned renovations.
Example: European Bat Night
Clicking on the link 4. RESEARCH AND LITERATURE takes you to:
A) LITERATURE
B) RESEARCH ON CONSERVATION OF BATS
Light pollution
Prepared by: Monika Podgorelec
The text on conservation on this webpage was prepared within the framework of the project “Do not disturb, sleeping bats” funded by the Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia in cooperation with the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning.
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Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2010.
BEd (Victoria College, Australia), GradDipHumSS (La Trobe University, Australia).
I am a university qualified secondary school English teacher based in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Road Safety-I have translated a number of documents in the field of road safety and as the ‘Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020’ campaign has been launched, I expect to regularly be translating in this field. Genealogy-I assist clients who have ancestors from Slovenia with their genealogical research by translating the documents they already have, or the ones I locate for them. Environment-I am a member of the Slovenian Association for Bat Research and Conservation and have experience and expertise in translating documents related to bats and the environment.
Successful companies have to be able to respond quickly to changes in the nature and volume of their work. In times of peak demand and pressure, it may be necessary to find a translator who is able to work as part of a team to complete a large project by a deadline. People who have worked with me have described me as being a team player who is professional and reliable.
Consider me for your translation needs. I am happy to work with you on a one-off translation, or on a series of translations.
