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English to Slovak: Health and Safety Aspects of Naphthenic Oil General field: Science Detailed field: Petroleum Eng/Sci
Source text - English The naphthenes are hydrocarbons containing one or more rings
with 5-6 carbon atoms each. There are no double bondings between the
carbon atoms in the rings. Paraffinic chains and aromate rings may be
bonded to a naphthenic ring.
The aromates consist of one or more aromatic rings, i.e. hydrocarbon
rings with six carbon atoms and three double bondings between
them (the numbers of single and double bondings vary, and so the
25
Figure 6. Schematic molecule structures.
Paraffin Isoparaffin
Naphthenes
Aromatic Polyaromatic
molecule is usually drawn as a hexagon with a ring in the middle). The
aromates are divided into monoaromates (1 ring), diaromates (2 rings)
and polyaromates (3 rings). In addition to aromatic rings, aromatic
molecules can also contain naphthenic rings, paraffinic chains and heteroatoms.
Hetero-atoms like sulphur and nitrogen are nearly 100 per cent
bonded to aromatic structures.
Complex structures with high molecular weight form part of the
bitumen fraction.
Translation - Slovak Naftény sú uhľovodíky obsahujúce jeden alebo viac kruhov s 5-6 atómami uhlíka v každom z nich. Medzi atómami uhlíka a kruhmi nie sú nijaké dvojité väzby. Reťazce parafínov a reťazce aromátov môžu byť naviazané na naftenický kruh.
Aromáty pozostávajú z jedného alebo viacerých aromatických kruhov, t.j. uhľovodíkových kruhov so šiestimi atómami uhlíka a tromi dvojitými väzbami medzi nimi (počet jednoduchých a dvojitých väzieb sa mení, preto sa molekula obyčajne zakresľuje ako
šesťuholník s kruhom v strede). Aromáty sa delia na monoaromáty (1 kruh), diaromáty (2 kruhy) a polyaromáty (3 kruhy). Okrem aromatických kruhov môžu molekuly aromátov obsahovať aj naftenické kruhy, parafinické reťazce a hetero-atómy. Hetero-atómy ako síra a dusík sú takmer stopercentne naviazané na aromatické štruktúry.
Komplexné štruktúry s vysokou relatívnou molekulovou hmotnosťou tvoria časť bitúmenovej frakcie.
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