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English to Thai: Specialising and Coordination General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Management
Source text - English Structuring the Organisation – Specialising and Coordination
Overview
All organisations need a structure and need to be organised. Every worker needs to be given a task, and those tasks need to be completed in the right way and at the right time. In big or complex organisations this coordination is , and the history of big and successful organisations shows that they have needed to look carefully at their structures as they grow.
For example, in 1800 the US Library of Congress was started with capital of $5000, had 740 books, 3 maps and a part-time librarian. Now it has 130 million on 800 kilometres of shelves, 4,000 employees and adds 10,000 items each day. It now needs an organisational structure very different from 200 years, and this structure allows workers to specialise in their work, and managers to coordinate the work being done.
English to Thai: Facilitative Leadership: One Approach to Empowering Staff and Other Stakeholders General field: Marketing
Source text - English The role of arti®cial intelligence in knowledge management
1. General ambit of knowledge management
Knowledge Management (KM) has emerged as a predominantly
management discipline in the early to mid-90s.
The American Productivity and Quality Centre has identi-
®ed six common strategic elements [1] among US ®rms that
have embraced this new ®eld. Two elements are the
formulation of business strategies and the appointment of
Chief Knowledge Of®cers to better focus on the exploitation
of core intellectual assets by business and Governments,
speci®cally the need to capitalise on increasingly expensive
human resources/process knowledge to achieve competitive
advantage in global procurement (supply chain management),
in product development, in customer relationship
management (CRM) and in value-added services.
It soon became obvious that to tackle KM well, contributions
from, among others, diversi®ed areas spanning
Facilitative Leadership: One Approach to
Empowering Staff and Other Stakeholders
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Source text - English Yeoser’s Beach Resort
โยเซอร์บีชรีสอร์ท
Home [page]
หน้าแรก
Guest Rooms
ห้องพัก
Dining
ห้องอาหาร
Recreation
นันทนาการ
Location
สถานที่ตั้ง
Contact Us
ติดต่อเรา
Welcome ต้อนรับ
...to an oasis [a place in the desert where there is water and trees, used for a place that gives something special] of calm in a stressful world. A place of peace and quiet in natural surroundings, with the soothing sounds of the sea to help you to relax and unwind.
สู่โอเอซิสแห่งความเงียบสงบท่ามกลางโลกที่เต็มไปด้วยความตึงเครียด สถานที่แห่งความสงบเงียบท่ามกลางธรรมชาติ ด้วยเสียงปลอมประโลมใจจากท้องทะเล ช่วยให้คุณผ่อนคลาย
With fully appointed [they have everything] private rooms, a first class restaurant, spa room and private pool, you are assured of the highest standard of care and attention at all times.
ด้วยสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกพร้อมสรรพ ห้องพักส่วนตัว ห้องอาหารระดับfirst class สปาเพื่อสุขภาพและสระว่ายน้ำที่มีความเป็นส่วนตัว มั่นใจในมาตราฐานสูงสุดของการดูแลและเอาใจใส่ตลอดเวลา
We pride ourselves on providing a western standard of service combined with simple luxury, all located on a deserted beach overlooking the beauty of the Gulf of Thailand.
เราภูมิใจในมาตราฐานการบริการแบบตะวันตกผสมผสานกับความหรูหราแบบเรียบง่าย ทั้งหมดอยู่บนชายหาดอันสงบเงียบโอบล้อมด้วยทัศนียภาพของทะเลอ่าวไทย
Allow yourself to experience a little piece of paradise...
นำตัวท่านสู่ประสบการณ์ของการเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของหาดสวรรค์แห่งนี้
Accommodation
ห้องพัก
...decorated in the Asian style and designed to meet the standards of customers discerning [people who know what they want]: our guest rooms provide uncomplicated [another word for simple] luxury without compromise.
….ตกแต่งด้วยสไตล์เอเชียและออกแบบให้ตรงกับมาตราฐานความต้องการของลูกค้า ห้องพักถูกออกแบบให้มีความเรียบง่ายแต่แฝงความหรูหราไว้อย่างลงตัว
With prices ranging from 1,400 baht for guest rooms with garden views, to 1,800 for guest rooms closest to the beach, we offer an experience of affordable extravagance.
ด้วยราคาจาก 1,400 บาท สำหรับห้องพักแบบ การ์เด้น วิว ถึง 1,800 บาท สำหรับห้องพักที่อยู่ติดทะเล เราขอเสนอประสบการณ์แห่งความหรูหราในราคาท่านจ่ายได้
Engaging [something you feel part of] views of the sea and the resort gardens can be enjoyed from the private balcony, or from inside the room through the spacious [big, wide, let lots of light in] French doors. All guest rooms are self contained [they have everything in that you need], featuring air-conditioning, television and fridge, a private bathroom with a hot-water shower, and daily maid service.
ดึงดูดใจด้วยทิวทัศน์ของทะเลและสวนสวยภายในรีสอร์ทซึ่งสามารถมองเห็นได้จากระเบียงหรือจากภายในห้องพักผ่านประตูแบบ French doors ขนาดใหญ่ ห้องพักทุกห้องมีสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกต่างๆที่คุณต้องการ ทั้ง แอร์คอนดิชั่นเนอร์ ทีวี และตู้เย็น ห้องอาบน้ำส่วนตัวพร้อมด้วยน้ำอุ่นไว้คอยบริการ ทั้งมีแม่บ้านคอยทำความสะอาดทุกวัน
Reserved [quite, not ‘LOOK AT ME!’], yet appealing. Sophisticated and inviting...
ความเงียบสงบ การดึงดูดความสนใจเป็นอย่างยิ่ง ประสบการณ์ที่สั่งสม และด้วยความน่าดึงดูดใจ
Cuisine
อาหาร
...with a wide range of influences, from traditional Thai food and Thai Fusion, to European dishes and traditional Western fare [another word for food]. Our menu changes regularly, and we can accommodate requests for orders off-menu.
ด้วยระดับความหลากหลายของสิ่งจูงใจ ทั้งจาก อาหารไทยต้นตำรับ และอาหารไทยผสมกับอาหารยุโรปและอาหารตะวันตก รายการอาหารของเราจึงมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงอยู่เสมอและเรายังจัดรายการอาหารให้มีความเหมาะสม
สำหรับอาหารที่ลูกค้าต้องการแต่ไม่มีอยู่ในรายการอาหาร
In an area renowned for the quality of seafood that is available, only the freshest fish, prawns, crab and squid are offered on our menu. Our restaurant is also home to the finest steaks in the region, grilled or barbequed to perfection.
ในพื้นที่ที่มีชื่อเสียงเกี่ยวกับอาหารทะเลที่มีคุณภาพ มีปลา กุ้ง ปู และปลาหมึกที่สดใหม่เท่านั้นที่มีอยู่ในรายการอาหารของเรา ห้องอาหารของเรายังเป็นแหล่งสเต็กเลิศรสในพื้นที่ ย่าง บาร์บีคิวเพื่อให้ได้รสชาตินุ่มได้รสชาติ
Meals can be enjoyed in our restaurant overlooking the sea, while seated around the pool, or privately in the guest rooms. Service can also be provided to the beach for that little extra touch of indulgence.
อิ่มอร่อยกับอาหารรสเลิศได้ที่ห้องอาหารชั้นเยี่ยม ซึ่งแวดล้อมไปด้วยบรรยากาศและทัศนียภาพของทะเล ในขณะที่นั่งอยู่รอบๆสระว่ายน้ำ หรือในห้องพัก นอกจากนี้ยังมีบริการเสิร์ฟอาหารบริเวณชายหาดตามความต้องการ
Our reputation depends on the quality of our food. And we have an excellent reputation...
ชื่อเสียงของเราขึ้นอยู่กับคุณภาพของอาหาร และความมีชื่อเสียงของเราได้รับการยอมรับอย่างยอดเยี่ยม
Different
ต่างคน
...people find their pleasures in different ways. A relaxing dip in the pool for some, a day languishing [laying about doing nothing] on a sandy beach listening to the sound of the waves for others. Maybe a quiet stroll [casual walk] along a deserted beach at sunrise, or holding hands with a loved one and enjoying a cocktail at sunset.
……ต่างค้นหาความพอใจต่างกัน การได้นอนแช่อยู่ในสระว่ายน้ำเป็นการพักผ่อนและผ่อนคลายสำหรับบางคน การนอนพักผ่อนอย่างสบายๆบนหาดทราย ฟังเสียงคลื่นซัดสาดเป็นการผ่อนคลายสำหรับใครหลายคน หรือใครบางอาจเดินทอดน่องอย่างสบายอารมณ์ไปตามหาดทรายที่เงียบสงบยามพระอาทิตย์ขึ้น หรือจะเดินจูงมือกับคนรักพร้อมดื่มด่ำกับคอลเทลเมื่อยามพระอาทิตย์ตกดิน
Along with all of this, we can also offer a range of therapeutic and relaxing treatments in our spa room including oil massage and aromatherapy, Thai massage, foot massage, manicures and pedicures.
ทั้งหมดนี้ เรายังเสนอบริการในส่วนของสปาเพื่อสุขภาพซึ่งบริการห้องสปาประกอบด้วย นวดน้ำมันและอโรมาเธอราปี นวดไทย นวดฝ่าเท้า บริการทำเล็บมือและเท้า
There are places of interest near to our resort, and more details are on our locations page. But we do find most of our guests enjoy just relaxing, and appreciating a quiet time for a while.
มีสถานที่ที่น่าสนใจสำหรับบริการนวดใกล้กับรีสอร์ทของเรา รายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมอยู่บนหน้า ที่ตั้ง แต่ลูกค้าส่วนใหญ่พอใจกับการผ่อนคลายและชื่นชมกับช่วงเวลาที่เงียบสงบเพียงสักครู่
When peace and quiet is all around, all you need to do is listen...
เมื่อความสงบเงียบอยู่รอบๆตัวคุณ สิ่งที่คุณจำเป็นต้องทำคือ ฟัง....
We are [located at]
เราอยู่ที่
...situated on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand about 80km south of Koh Samui, and around 50km north from Nakhon Si Thammarat city.
อยู่บนฝั่งอ่าวไทยห่างจากเกาะสมุยไปทางทิศใต้ประมาณ 80กม. และอยู่ห่างจากตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราชไปทางทิศเหนือประมาณ 50 กม.
The province of Nakhon Si Thammarat is relatively undeveloped, though Khanom in the north has seen increasingly levels of activity in recent years. Generally it retains an unspoilt feel, and many visitors say it is reminiscent [it reminds them] of how more popular areas of Thailand were 20 years ago. There are no busy, neon-lit areas of night-life catering to tourists. Instead there are quiet resorts, empty beaches, and plenty of friendly locals who welcome considerate and appreciative visitors.
จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราชเป็นเมืองที่ได้รับการพัฒนาน้อยเมื่อเทียบกับจังหวัดอื่นๆ แม้ว่า อำเภอขนอมซึ่งอยู่ทางทิศเหนือของตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราชจะมีระดับการเพิ่มขึ้นของกิจกรรมต่างๆในไม่กี่ปีที่ผ่านมา โดยทั่วไปจะถูกรักษาไว้ ไม่ทำให้เกิดความเสียหาย และนักท่องเที่ยวที่มาเยือนนครศรีธรรมราชจำนวนมากกลว่าว่า มันเป็นการเตือนให้ระลึกถึงว่าทำไมสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวในประเทศไทยถึงได้รับความนิยมเมื่อ 20 ก่อน ไม่มีความวุ่นวาย พื้นที่ของแสงนีออนยามค่ำคืนที่จัดไว้ให้นักท่องที่ยว แต่มีรีสอร์ทที่เงียบสงบ หาดทรายที่ว่างเปลา เวิ้งว้างสุดลูกหูลกตา มิตรภาพมากมายจากคนในท้องถิ่นที่ยินดีต้อนรับผู้มาเยือน
The area contains a number of national parks which offer opportunities for walks and treks, and there are many waterfalls and caves throughout the region. Khao Luang National Park is one of the biggest in the country and contains the impressive Khao Luang mountain along with many rare animals and plants.
ภายในพื้นที่จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราชมีอุทยานแห่งชาติต่างๆที่คุณสามารถเดินสำรวจป่า มีน้ำตกและถ้ำอีกหลายแห่งทั่วทั้งจังหวัด อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาหลวง เป็นหนึ่งในอุทยานที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในประเทศและเต็มไปด้วยความประทับใจ เทือกเขาหลวงอุดมไปด้วยสัตว์ป่าและพืชพันธ์นานา ชนิด
The city of Nakhon Si Thammarat is home to the most important temple in the south at Wat Mahathat, it is one of the few places where it is possible to see the skills of the shadow-puppeteers of southern Thailand, and holds the week-long Deuan Sip in September of each year. Other attractions include the wildlife conservation areas of Pak Phanang, the eco-tourism community of Baan Khiriwong, and the chance to see the rare pink dolphins off the coast of Khanom.
เมืองนครศรีธรรมราชเป็นที่ตั้งของวัดที่มีความสำคัญที่สุดในภาคใต้ คือ วัดพระมหาธาตุ ที่นี่เป็นหนึ่งในไม่กี่แห่งที่จะหาชมทักษะการเล่นหนังตะลุงภาคใต้ได้ และยังมีเทศกาลวันสารทเดือนสิบในช่วงเดือนกันยายนของทุกปี สิ่งดึงดูดใจอื่นๆประกอบด้วย พื้นที่อนุรักษ์นกนางแอ่นของอำเภอปากพนัง ชุมชนการท่องเที่ยวเชิงอนุรักษ์ของบ้านคีรีวง และโอกาสอันน้อยนิดที่จะได้เห็นโลมาสีชมพูบริเวณชายฝั่งอำเภอขนอม
We can arrange trips to any local places of interest for our guests, as well as onward transportation to other destinations if required. Guests coming to our resort can be collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat city, the airport, and other locations. Please contact us to arrange this.
เรามีบริการจัดทริปการเดินทางไปยังสถานที่ต่างๆที่น่าสนใจภายในพื้นที่สำหรับแขกของเรา และมีบริการรับ ส่งไปยังที่ต่างๆตามที่ต้องการ แขกที่มาพักกับทางรีสอร์ทมีบริการรับส่งจาก ตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช สนามบิน และจากที่อื่นๆ กรุณาติดต่อเรา สำหรับบริการรับส่ง
You can
ติดต่อเราโดย
Send an email to:
ส่งอีเมลล์มาที่:
Telephone us on:
โทรหาเราที่เบอร์:
Write to us at:
หรือ เขียนจดหมายมาที่
Yeoser's Beach Resort
134/2 Moo 1, Baan Pakduad
Tambon Glai, Amphoe Tha Sala
Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
134/2 หมู่ 1 บ้านปากดวด ต. กลาย อ. ท่าศาลา
จ. นครศรีธรรมราช 80160 ประเทศไทย
[818 words]
Translation - Thai Yeoser’s Beach Resort
โยเซอร์บีชรีสอร์ท
Home [page]
หน้าแรก
Guest Rooms
ห้องพัก
Dining
ห้องอาหาร
Recreation
นันทนาการ
Location
สถานที่ตั้ง
Contact Us
ติดต่อเรา
Welcome ต้อนรับ
...to an oasis [a place in the desert where there is water and trees, used for a place that gives something special] of calm in a stressful world. A place of peace and quiet in natural surroundings, with the soothing sounds of the sea to help you to relax and unwind.
สู่โอเอซิสแห่งความเงียบสงบท่ามกลางโลกที่เต็มไปด้วยความตึงเครียด สถานที่แห่งความสงบเงียบท่ามกลางธรรมชาติ ด้วยเสียงปลอมประโลมใจจากท้องทะเล ช่วยให้คุณผ่อนคลาย
With fully appointed [they have everything] private rooms, a first class restaurant, spa room and private pool, you are assured of the highest standard of care and attention at all times.
ด้วยสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกพร้อมสรรพ ห้องพักส่วนตัว ห้องอาหารระดับfirst class สปาเพื่อสุขภาพและสระว่ายน้ำที่มีความเป็นส่วนตัว มั่นใจในมาตราฐานสูงสุดของการดูแลและเอาใจใส่ตลอดเวลา
We pride ourselves on providing a western standard of service combined with simple luxury, all located on a deserted beach overlooking the beauty of the Gulf of Thailand.
เราภูมิใจในมาตราฐานการบริการแบบตะวันตกผสมผสานกับความหรูหราแบบเรียบง่าย ทั้งหมดอยู่บนชายหาดอันสงบเงียบโอบล้อมด้วยทัศนียภาพของทะเลอ่าวไทย
Allow yourself to experience a little piece of paradise...
นำตัวท่านสู่ประสบการณ์ของการเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของหาดสวรรค์แห่งนี้
Accommodation
ห้องพัก
...decorated in the Asian style and designed to meet the standards of customers discerning [people who know what they want]: our guest rooms provide uncomplicated [another word for simple] luxury without compromise.
….ตกแต่งด้วยสไตล์เอเชียและออกแบบให้ตรงกับมาตราฐานความต้องการของลูกค้า ห้องพักถูกออกแบบให้มีความเรียบง่ายแต่แฝงความหรูหราไว้อย่างลงตัว
With prices ranging from 1,400 baht for guest rooms with garden views, to 1,800 for guest rooms closest to the beach, we offer an experience of affordable extravagance.
ด้วยราคาจาก 1,400 บาท สำหรับห้องพักแบบ การ์เด้น วิว ถึง 1,800 บาท สำหรับห้องพักที่อยู่ติดทะเล เราขอเสนอประสบการณ์แห่งความหรูหราในราคาท่านจ่ายได้
Engaging [something you feel part of] views of the sea and the resort gardens can be enjoyed from the private balcony, or from inside the room through the spacious [big, wide, let lots of light in] French doors. All guest rooms are self contained [they have everything in that you need], featuring air-conditioning, television and fridge, a private bathroom with a hot-water shower, and daily maid service.
ดึงดูดใจด้วยทิวทัศน์ของทะเลและสวนสวยภายในรีสอร์ทซึ่งสามารถมองเห็นได้จากระเบียงหรือจากภายในห้องพักผ่านประตูแบบ French doors ขนาดใหญ่ ห้องพักทุกห้องมีสิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกต่างๆที่คุณต้องการ ทั้ง แอร์คอนดิชั่นเนอร์ ทีวี และตู้เย็น ห้องอาบน้ำส่วนตัวพร้อมด้วยน้ำอุ่นไว้คอยบริการ ทั้งมีแม่บ้านคอยทำความสะอาดทุกวัน
Reserved [quite, not ‘LOOK AT ME!’], yet appealing. Sophisticated and inviting...
ความเงียบสงบ การดึงดูดความสนใจเป็นอย่างยิ่ง ประสบการณ์ที่สั่งสม และด้วยความน่าดึงดูดใจ
Cuisine
อาหาร
...with a wide range of influences, from traditional Thai food and Thai Fusion, to European dishes and traditional Western fare [another word for food]. Our menu changes regularly, and we can accommodate requests for orders off-menu.
ด้วยระดับความหลากหลายของสิ่งจูงใจ ทั้งจาก อาหารไทยต้นตำรับ และอาหารไทยผสมกับอาหารยุโรปและอาหารตะวันตก รายการอาหารของเราจึงมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงอยู่เสมอและเรายังจัดรายการอาหารให้มีความเหมาะสม
สำหรับอาหารที่ลูกค้าต้องการแต่ไม่มีอยู่ในรายการอาหาร
In an area renowned for the quality of seafood that is available, only the freshest fish, prawns, crab and squid are offered on our menu. Our restaurant is also home to the finest steaks in the region, grilled or barbequed to perfection.
ในพื้นที่ที่มีชื่อเสียงเกี่ยวกับอาหารทะเลที่มีคุณภาพ มีปลา กุ้ง ปู และปลาหมึกที่สดใหม่เท่านั้นที่มีอยู่ในรายการอาหารของเรา ห้องอาหารของเรายังเป็นแหล่งสเต็กเลิศรสในพื้นที่ ย่าง บาร์บีคิวเพื่อให้ได้รสชาตินุ่มได้รสชาติ
Meals can be enjoyed in our restaurant overlooking the sea, while seated around the pool, or privately in the guest rooms. Service can also be provided to the beach for that little extra touch of indulgence.
อิ่มอร่อยกับอาหารรสเลิศได้ที่ห้องอาหารชั้นเยี่ยม ซึ่งแวดล้อมไปด้วยบรรยากาศและทัศนียภาพของทะเล ในขณะที่นั่งอยู่รอบๆสระว่ายน้ำ หรือในห้องพัก นอกจากนี้ยังมีบริการเสิร์ฟอาหารบริเวณชายหาดตามความต้องการ
Our reputation depends on the quality of our food. And we have an excellent reputation...
ชื่อเสียงของเราขึ้นอยู่กับคุณภาพของอาหาร และความมีชื่อเสียงของเราได้รับการยอมรับอย่างยอดเยี่ยม
Different
ต่างคน
...people find their pleasures in different ways. A relaxing dip in the pool for some, a day languishing [laying about doing nothing] on a sandy beach listening to the sound of the waves for others. Maybe a quiet stroll [casual walk] along a deserted beach at sunrise, or holding hands with a loved one and enjoying a cocktail at sunset.
……ต่างค้นหาความพอใจต่างกัน การได้นอนแช่อยู่ในสระว่ายน้ำเป็นการพักผ่อนและผ่อนคลายสำหรับบางคน การนอนพักผ่อนอย่างสบายๆบนหาดทราย ฟังเสียงคลื่นซัดสาดเป็นการผ่อนคลายสำหรับใครหลายคน หรือใครบางอาจเดินทอดน่องอย่างสบายอารมณ์ไปตามหาดทรายที่เงียบสงบยามพระอาทิตย์ขึ้น หรือจะเดินจูงมือกับคนรักพร้อมดื่มด่ำกับคอลเทลเมื่อยามพระอาทิตย์ตกดิน
Along with all of this, we can also offer a range of therapeutic and relaxing treatments in our spa room including oil massage and aromatherapy, Thai massage, foot massage, manicures and pedicures.
ทั้งหมดนี้ เรายังเสนอบริการในส่วนของสปาเพื่อสุขภาพซึ่งบริการห้องสปาประกอบด้วย นวดน้ำมันและอโรมาเธอราปี นวดไทย นวดฝ่าเท้า บริการทำเล็บมือและเท้า
There are places of interest near to our resort, and more details are on our locations page. But we do find most of our guests enjoy just relaxing, and appreciating a quiet time for a while.
มีสถานที่ที่น่าสนใจสำหรับบริการนวดใกล้กับรีสอร์ทของเรา รายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมอยู่บนหน้า ที่ตั้ง แต่ลูกค้าส่วนใหญ่พอใจกับการผ่อนคลายและชื่นชมกับช่วงเวลาที่เงียบสงบเพียงสักครู่
When peace and quiet is all around, all you need to do is listen...
เมื่อความสงบเงียบอยู่รอบๆตัวคุณ สิ่งที่คุณจำเป็นต้องทำคือ ฟัง....
We are [located at]
เราอยู่ที่
...situated on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand about 80km south of Koh Samui, and around 50km north from Nakhon Si Thammarat city.
อยู่บนฝั่งอ่าวไทยห่างจากเกาะสมุยไปทางทิศใต้ประมาณ 80กม. และอยู่ห่างจากตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราชไปทางทิศเหนือประมาณ 50 กม.
The province of Nakhon Si Thammarat is relatively undeveloped, though Khanom in the north has seen increasingly levels of activity in recent years. Generally it retains an unspoilt feel, and many visitors say it is reminiscent [it reminds them] of how more popular areas of Thailand were 20 years ago. There are no busy, neon-lit areas of night-life catering to tourists. Instead there are quiet resorts, empty beaches, and plenty of friendly locals who welcome considerate and appreciative visitors.
จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราชเป็นเมืองที่ได้รับการพัฒนาน้อยเมื่อเทียบกับจังหวัดอื่นๆ แม้ว่า อำเภอขนอมซึ่งอยู่ทางทิศเหนือของตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราชจะมีระดับการเพิ่มขึ้นของกิจกรรมต่างๆในไม่กี่ปีที่ผ่านมา โดยทั่วไปจะถูกรักษาไว้ ไม่ทำให้เกิดความเสียหาย และนักท่องเที่ยวที่มาเยือนนครศรีธรรมราชจำนวนมากกลว่าว่า มันเป็นการเตือนให้ระลึกถึงว่าทำไมสถานที่ท่องเที่ยวในประเทศไทยถึงได้รับความนิยมเมื่อ 20 ก่อน ไม่มีความวุ่นวาย พื้นที่ของแสงนีออนยามค่ำคืนที่จัดไว้ให้นักท่องที่ยว แต่มีรีสอร์ทที่เงียบสงบ หาดทรายที่ว่างเปลา เวิ้งว้างสุดลูกหูลกตา มิตรภาพมากมายจากคนในท้องถิ่นที่ยินดีต้อนรับผู้มาเยือน
The area contains a number of national parks which offer opportunities for walks and treks, and there are many waterfalls and caves throughout the region. Khao Luang National Park is one of the biggest in the country and contains the impressive Khao Luang mountain along with many rare animals and plants.
ภายในพื้นที่จังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราชมีอุทยานแห่งชาติต่างๆที่คุณสามารถเดินสำรวจป่า มีน้ำตกและถ้ำอีกหลายแห่งทั่วทั้งจังหวัด อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาหลวง เป็นหนึ่งในอุทยานที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในประเทศและเต็มไปด้วยความประทับใจ เทือกเขาหลวงอุดมไปด้วยสัตว์ป่าและพืชพันธ์นานา ชนิด
The city of Nakhon Si Thammarat is home to the most important temple in the south at Wat Mahathat, it is one of the few places where it is possible to see the skills of the shadow-puppeteers of southern Thailand, and holds the week-long Deuan Sip in September of each year. Other attractions include the wildlife conservation areas of Pak Phanang, the eco-tourism community of Baan Khiriwong, and the chance to see the rare pink dolphins off the coast of Khanom.
เมืองนครศรีธรรมราชเป็นที่ตั้งของวัดที่มีความสำคัญที่สุดในภาคใต้ คือ วัดพระมหาธาตุ ที่นี่เป็นหนึ่งในไม่กี่แห่งที่จะหาชมทักษะการเล่นหนังตะลุงภาคใต้ได้ และยังมีเทศกาลวันสารทเดือนสิบในช่วงเดือนกันยายนของทุกปี สิ่งดึงดูดใจอื่นๆประกอบด้วย พื้นที่อนุรักษ์นกนางแอ่นของอำเภอปากพนัง ชุมชนการท่องเที่ยวเชิงอนุรักษ์ของบ้านคีรีวง และโอกาสอันน้อยนิดที่จะได้เห็นโลมาสีชมพูบริเวณชายฝั่งอำเภอขนอม
We can arrange trips to any local places of interest for our guests, as well as onward transportation to other destinations if required. Guests coming to our resort can be collected from Nakhon Si Thammarat city, the airport, and other locations. Please contact us to arrange this.
เรามีบริการจัดทริปการเดินทางไปยังสถานที่ต่างๆที่น่าสนใจภายในพื้นที่สำหรับแขกของเรา และมีบริการรับ ส่งไปยังที่ต่างๆตามที่ต้องการ แขกที่มาพักกับทางรีสอร์ทมีบริการรับส่งจาก ตัวเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช สนามบิน และจากที่อื่นๆ กรุณาติดต่อเรา สำหรับบริการรับส่ง
You can
ติดต่อเราโดย
Send an email to:
ส่งอีเมลล์มาที่:
Telephone us on:
โทรหาเราที่เบอร์:
Write to us at:
หรือ เขียนจดหมายมาที่
Yeoser's Beach Resort
134/2 Moo 1, Baan Pakduad
Tambon Glai, Amphoe Tha Sala
Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
134/2 หมู่ 1 บ้านปากดวด ต. กลาย อ. ท่าศาลา
จ. นครศรีธรรมราช 80160 ประเทศไทย
[818 words]
Translation - English Dr. Ponsil Rattanachoodet
Dr. Ponsil Rattanachoodet was gradated from Silpakorn University in bachelor's degree of faculty of Archaeology then studied in master’s degree about civilization of India from Deccon College, Poona University, India and got an honorary doctorate in Buddhist Studies from Mahachulalongkornrajavidyala Buddhist University. Present he is a teacher in faculty of Buddhist sciences at Mahachulalongkornrajavidyala, campus Suan Dok, Chiang Mai.
Dr. Ponsil Rattanachoodet is a specialist in Buddhist Art Drawing, Buddha sculpture and Buddhist Architecture he also be a generalist in conservation and distribute the knowledge in different way such as academic articles and join in different group as committee such as be a adviser- committee for control oil painting that belong to the governor of Lampang for exhibit in Centre of Art and Culture of Lampang, Lampang Kanlayanee School, be a support committee and adjudicate a design to build Shrine Hall in the Architecture Lanna style, Wat Chedi Luang, Chiang Mai, be a committee to design and control building and decorate main chapel and principle Buddha image in main chapel at Wat Pa Buddhagaya, Pihar, India.
His important success about Buddha arts such as design the arch at Wat Phra Sing, Chiang Rai, design stupa with monks alms bowl upside down with five god style and principle Buddha image in main chapel at Wat Phra That Si Sai Moon, Chiang Dow, Chaing Mai, design Phra That Chao Nop Phra Kro at wat Pho Harm, Payao, design and control sculpture the European Buddha image and the Buddha image in a posture as an attitude of subduing Mara at Phu Phra Hin behind Baan Bang Pong Thom village Wang Huan, Lampang, design Mondop for cover stupa that contain relic of Kruba Srivichai at Wat baan Pang, Leea, Lampoon etc.
Moreover Dr. Ponsil also has important academic success that got accept in academic field till he got lot of honor such as he got plate for student who has good behave in university level from Buddhist Association of Thailand. Got a honor card to be a person who perform useful for Buddhist Sunday school at Wat Suan Dok, Muang, Chiang Mai, got plate of the honor as a person who perform useful about academic of Department of Landscaping and Environmental Conservation, Maejo University. From his success and honor Dr.Ponsil got it was ideal for communicator of the knowledge to next generation.
Translation - English Electrical Saw Act, B.E. 2545(2002)
King Bhumipol Adulyadej
Given on September, 22nd B.E 2545,
Anno Reign (Year reign) 57.
Phra Bat Somdet Poramintharamaha Bhumipol Adulyadej has declared as follows:
It is appropriate to provide this law, the Electrical Saw Act. This act contains statutes concerning article 29, article 48 and article 50 from the Constitution of The Kingdom of Thailand. The King was obliged to obtian advice and agreement from parliament in all matters.
Article 1: This act is called “Electrical Saw Act, B.E 2545(2002)”
Article 2: This act enforces the next day after promulgation in The Government gazette.
Article 3: In this act,
“Chain saw” means a tool for cutting or transfigure wood that has sawtooth close to a chain and is powered by machine and includes any accessory of this machine in whatever way as determined by ministerial regulation.
“Have” mean have right to own the chain saw.
“Produce” means make or create for sale.
“Import” means bring or order into Kingdom.
“Official” means that minister appointed to ensure compliance with this act.
“Chain Saw Registrar” means the Director General or any person that the Director General has assigned to take control in Bangkok, and provincial governors.
“Director General” means the director general of Royal Forest Department.
“Ministry” means the ministry who are in charge of this act.
Article 4: Does not allow anybody to own, produce or import chain saws except they have received a license from the chain saw registrar.
Does not allow any person who holds a license to modify the chain saw to increase power exceeding that identifed in the license unless they have permission from Chain Saw Registrar.
The allowances follow the rules and conditions as set by ministerial regulation.
Any person who has a license to produce chain saws must provide accounts and records that show units produced as determined by ministerial regulation.
When issuing a license to own a chain saw, the Chain Saw Registrar makes a mark on the chain saw as determined by ministerial regulation and identifies the area in which the chain saw can be used.
Article 5: The qualifications and disallowances of persons who want to obtain a license under article 4 are determined by ministerial regulation.
Any person who wants to have a license to own a chain saw must have a career or business that requires use of a chain saw and must never have been in breach of this act or forest law, national forest law, national park law or game law before.
The requirements do not apply to religious entities, ministry bureaux and departments, local governments and state enterprises.
Article 6: For a person who holds a license wants to change the area for use of a chain saw to be different from that identified in the license.
(1) In the case of changing area within the same province as identified in the license, they can file a petition to the Chain Saw Registrar who previously issued the license.
(2) In case of changing the area to another province, they can request an appeal to the Chain Saw Registrar of the province they wish to change to.
The requirements of these rules and conditions are determined by ministerial regulation.
Article 7: Everybody who owns a chain saw must have a license or copy license for that chain saw to show to officials immediately when requested.
Article 8: In the case that a person who is allowed to own a chain saw and who wants to lend or give it to another person to use in area that is not identified in the license. The person who holds the license must get a permit identifying the area and period of use for that chain saw from the Chain Saw Registrar. The Chain Saw Registrar must allow or not allow within 15 days from the date of application and if the Chain Saw Registrar does not examine the case and inform the result to the applicant in time, the applicant can assume that they have received approval and use the request appeal document as a permit.
Article 9: A person who obtains a license to use a chain saw under article 4 and then allows the chain saw to be used in illegal ways or contrary to forest law is presumed to be party to that illegal activity.
Article 10: Disallows anybody from repairing chain saws for business except under license from the Chain Saw Registrar.
Qualification to obtain a license, requesting permits and issuing licenses follow rules and conditions is determined by ministerial regulation.
Persons who hold a license to repair chain saws as a business can repair only chain saws that are owned by people who hold a license to own it and chain saws that have the correct mark as shown on the license.
Article 11: If a person who holds a license to own a chain saw dies, his heir or his executor needs to inform his death to the Chain Saw Registrar within 60 days from the date of death.
The Chain Saw Registrar has the power to allow or disallow the heir or executor to keep or use chain saw belonging to the deceased. If there is a disagreement about the rights of the heir, the Chain Saw Registrar can hold the chain saw for up to 6 months from the date of death, pending application for a new permit or license.
If the Chain Saw Registrar does not issue a new license, they must inform the applicant and order that the chain saw is sold within 6 months from the date of the order. Otherwise the Chain Saw Registrar has right to sell the chain saw by auction, with net proceeds from the sale going to the estate of the deceased.
Article 12: In the case of a juristic person who holds a license under article 4 becoming bankrupt, the liquidator must bring the chain saw back to the Chain Saw Registrar to hold it pending liquidation of assets.
For the chain saw to be returned to the shareholders or partnership, the shareholders or partnership must inform the Chain Saw Registrar of the intent to obtain a license within 30 days from the date they were informed that the liquidator has deposited the chain saw with the Registrar.
In the case that the liquidator wants to sell the chain saw to realize assets, the liquidator must inform the Chain Saw Registrar, and in any case must not sell the chain saw to any person of a disallowed character as stipulated in this act.
Any person who wants to buy the chain saw must file an application for a license to own the chain saw from the Chain Saw Registrar within 5 days from the date of the sale contract.
Article 13: In the case of a person who assists in leading to an arrest of a culprit under this act, the public prosecutor must adjure to court. The court has the power to decree to pay a reward to that person who leads to the arrest an amount of money not over than half of the indemnity money that the culprit paid to the court. If the culprit pays a lesser amount, a lesser reward may be paid. If many people assisted in leading to the arrest, the reward will be equally shared. The reward will be paid after the case has ended.
Article 14: Anyone who has their own chain saw on the date this act has been announced must request a license within 90 days from the announcement of this act. They will then not be considered to have committed a crime under article 4.
The Chain Saw Registrar must issue a license to any such person who requests a license unless they are disqualified in any way as stipulated in this act.
Any person who has meets the requirements of the first paragraph in this article will not be punished under customs or export/import laws. The text in the second paragraph does not apply to any person who was arrested and was still under prosecution when this act was announced.
In the case that the Chain Saw Registrar does not issue the license when it is applied for, the applicant can appeal to the ministry within 30 days from the date of being informed of the disallowal.
In the case of a person who is disallowed under paragraph 1 or paragraph 4 in this article, ownership of the chain saw will transfer to the Kingdom from the date the disallowing order was granted, or the date that the ministry made the judgment.
Any chain saw that has become an asset of the Kingdom, as in paragraph 5, can be used in government service, sold to the government sector or state enterprises, or destroyed.
Article 15 with article 14: In the case that the Chain Saw Registrar has ordered that a license be disallowed under this act. The applicant has the right to appeal the disallowing order within 30 days from receiving the order.
The Chain Saw Registrar must adjudicate the appeal and inform the applicant within 30 days.
In the case that the Chain Saw Registrar still affirms not to allow, the applicant has the right to appeal to the ministry within 30 days from the appeal judgment.
Article 16: In criminal arrests under this act, the police or administration officer is in charge.
Article 17: Whosoever breaks the rules or does not follow the requirements of article 4, paragraph 1 and 4 will receive punishment of imprisonment for not more than 5 years, or a fine not over 100,000 baht, or both. The court can expropriate the chain saw.
Chain saws that the court has given an order to expropriate can be used in government service, or sold to government sector or state enterprises, or destroyed.
Article 18: Whosoever breaks the rules as stated in article 4, paragraphs 2 will receive a punishment of a fine not over 5,000 baht and must modify the chain saw back to same power as shown in license within a time decided by the court. If they do not do this, the court can expropriate the chain saw.
Article 19: Whosoever breaks the rule as stated in article 6 or 8 will receive punishment of imprisonment for not more than 1 year. or a fine not over 20,000 baht, or both.
Article 20: Whosoever breaks the rule as stated in article 7 will receive punishment of a fine not over 2,000 baht.
Article 21: Whosoever breaks the rule as stated in article 10 will receive punishment of a fine not over 5,000 baht.
Article 22: Whosoever breaks the rule as stated in article 11, first paragraph or article 12 will receive punishment of a fine not over 1,000 baht.
Article 23: The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives hold the duty of responsibility for this act and have power to accredit officials to enforce the rules according to ministerial regulation and any another activity that is in accordance with this act.
Ministerial regulations are established when announced in the government gazette.
Responder of behest
Lieutenant Colonel Thansin Chinnawat
Prime Minister
Remarks:
(commentary on how the act came to be)
English to Thai: import
Source text - English POISED FOR GREATER GROWTH We are extremely pleased and proud that an enterprise as young as Narong Seafood Co Ltd has prograessed repidly in such a short time. And it is an even greater pleasure for us because the company has contributed considereably to Thailand's economic prosperity.
In fact, Thailand's remarkable growth of exports, particularly seafood, in recent years is one source of success. Thailand today is the world's largest producer of canned seafood. Since 1985, the country has been the leading exporter of canned tuna.
Currently, Thailand is among the world's top exporters of frozen prawn, estimated to worth nearly 20 billion baht annually. Export prospects for other Thai frozen seafood also rate highly.
Thailand is now a leading fishing nation. Thais has not come by chance but a solid foundation based on quality improvement, price competitiveness and customer satisfaction. As a result, we at Narong Seafood are obliged to set exceptionally high standard in all aspects of our production and marketing.
We would like to take this opportunity to extend to you a whole – hearted welcome to any of our seafood processing plants. Thanks to our past and present customers who have been an important part of our, and Thailand's success.
The Narong Seafood of companies is proud to offer worldwide what Thailand has been enjoying for years, the finest in processed seafood at highly competitive prices. An impressive array of products, ranging from canned and frozen fish and seafood to ready to cook and serve offerings, produced by the latest, state-of-the-art procedures insure the highest in quality and hygiene. As such, the Narong Seafood is in the vanguard of Thailand's canned and frozen seafood industry.
Narong Seafood Co.,Ltd. Processes Various kinds of seafood Product, including shrimp, fish , squid and cuttlefish, for its customers worldwide. Its major markets include Japan, Europe, the USA, Australia and New Zealand.
To meet the needs of customers in today's fast-changing world, where "time is money", the company also offers value-added products. This kind of product meets the requirements of this hurried ear and, at the same time, provides food that is both varied, tasty and easy to prepare.
Realising that such a value - added line of products is at the vary crest of what is increasingly becoming the wave of the future, Narong seafood is focusing on this area via carefully planned expansion. Its value-added Products include breaded shrimp fritters and beaded boneless big-eyed scad.
1. Mrs. Vanida Piboonthanapatana Vice President
2. Mr. Viroj Limsnit Managing Director
3. Mr. Viboon Thatiyapongpinich Assistant Managing Director (Operations)
4. Mr. Arthon Piboonthanapatana Assistant Managing Director (Marketing)
5. Mr. Siang Limsanit Hat Yai Plant Manager
6. Mrs. Wantanee Tangjitwattana Mahachai Plant Manager
7. Ms. Lek Desuwan Procurement Manager
The freshness of the sea Narong Seafood Co.Ltd. Processes various kinds of seafood product, including shrimp, fish, squid and cuttlefish, for its customers world wide. Its major markets include Japan , Europe, the USA, Australia and New Zealand.
To meet the needs of customers in today's fast – changing world, where "time is money", the company also offers value-added products. This kind of product meets the requirements of this hurried era and, at the same time, provides food that is both varied, tasty and easy to prepare.
Realising that such a value – added line of product is at the vary crest of what is increasingly becoming the wave of the future, Narong Seafood is focussing on this area via carefully planned expansion. Its value-added products include breaded whole shrimp with heads on, breaded big – eyed scad
An eye for the future
Narong Seafood Co.,Ltd. Is committed to maintaining its reputation for superior – quality Seafood products. The company also plans to implement the ISO 14000 system to further improve its environmental standards and expects to achieve ISO 14001 certification in the near future.
Safety and environmental consciousness Narong Seafood Co.,Ltd. Has been Continuously committed to protecting efficient waste-water treatment system to ensure that its operations have the least possible impact on Thailand's natural ecosystem.
As far as safety is concerned, the company has consistently striven to create a safe working environment for its employees. Emergency producres are regularly plactised and training is given to the staff to promote hygiene and safety consciousness.
Human resources:the most valuable asset
Narong Seafood Co.,Ltd. Considers its human resources to be its most valuable asset and recognises the importance of upgrading its employee' skill and boosting their morale. To this end, the company provides intensive training programmes to further enhance not only the skills of its staff, but also their efficiency. The company also offers excellent fringe benefits to its staff at all levels.
ทรัพยากรบุคคล
ทรัพยากรบุคคล: สินทรัพย์ที่มีค่าที่สุด (Human Resources: The most valuable asset)
ณรงค์ ซีฟู๊ด จำกัดได้พิจารณาถึงทรัพยากรบุคคลว่าเป็นสินทรัพย์ที่มีค่ามากที่สุดและยอมรับถึงความสำคัญของการยกระดับทักษะการทำงานของพนักงานพร้อมทั้งส่งเสริมให้กำลังใจแก่พวกเขา บริษัทได้จัดหาโปรแกรมการฝึกงานที่เข้มงวดเพื่อปรับปรุงซึ่งไม่ใช่เพียงแค่ปรับปรุงทักษะการทำงานเท่านั้นแต่ยังปรับปรุงความมีประสิทธิภาพของพวกเขาด้วย บริษัทยังได้เสนอสวัสดิการที่ดีเยี่ยมแก่พนักงานในทุกระดับ
English to Thai: Knowledge Management in Process Planning
Source text - English Knowledge Management in Process Planning
B. Denkena1 (1), M. Shpitalni2 (1), P. Kowalski1, G. Molcho2, Y. Zipori2
1Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Werkzeugmaschinen (IFW)
Produktionstechnisches Zentrum
Universität Hannover
2Laboratory for CAD and LCE, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
32000 Haifa, Israel
Abstract
Considerable research and development efforts have been devoted to Computer Aided Process Planning
(CAPP). Nevertheless, because the CAPP problem is complex and is characterized by many interdependent
technical and business parameters and variables, no viable off-the-shelf solution is yet available that can be
easily or widely implemented in industry. This paper presents an overview of the CAPP field and describes a
holistic component manufacturing process planning model based on an integrated approach combining
technological and business considerations. The model was derived based on available literature, an overview of
the state-of-the-art in Digital Manufacturing, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and CAPP solution
providers, and a survey of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) manufacturers. This model will form the basis for
developing improved decision support and knowledge management capabilities to enhance available CAPP
solutions.
Keywords: CAPP, Abrasive processes, Knowledge management.
1 INTRODUCTION
One of the most important steps in converting a design
concept into a manufactured product is process planning.
Such planning determines the manufacturing operations,
operation sequence and resources required to
manufacture a product based on an engineering drawing
or a CAD model. A process plan elaborates the machines,
setups, tool specifications, operation time estimates, etc.
required to convert raw material into a part [1].
Traditionally, process planning was performed manually
from scratch, hence requiring retrieval and manipulation of
a great deal of information from many sources, including
established standards, machinability data, machine
capabilities, tooling inventories, stock availability and
existing practice. Much research and development has
been devoted to developing a computerized solution for
process planning - Computer Aided Process Planning
(CAPP). Nevertheless, because the CAPP problem is
complex and characterized by many interdependent
technical and business parameters and variables, no
viable off-the-shelf solution can yet be easily or widely
implemented in industry. Moreover, because expert
process planners are becoming an expensive and rare
resource in industry, their productivity, effectiveness and
consistency must be enhanced through improved decision
support tools and knowledge management capabilities.
In this paper we have developed an ontology for the
“extended" process planner environment and the process
planner decision-making process model. These models
are used as the basis for developing decision support and
knowledge management templates and capabilities to
support the process planning decision process for
component manufacturing in the cutting and abrasive
process domain. In these models a holistic approach was
adopted that incorporates traditional technological aspects
of process planning as well as complementary business
aspects. Since the process plan is used in production
scheduling as well as in machine control, it affects
production efficiency, final cost and product quality [2].
Hence, process planning has a major impact on
manufacturing profitability. Emphasizing the business
aspects of CAPP will enhance existing CAPP solutions
that currently focus on technological feasibility and
optimization.
In addition, this paper presents PLM/CAD-CAPP solutions
available in industry today from leading providers such as
UGS, PTC, and Dassault Systemes, as well as their
current development directions. Moreover, we discuss
some additional complementary capabilities, identified
during the literature review, market survey and industry
survey, required to complete the holistic solution.
1.1 CAPP Overview
There are two basic approaches to computer-aided
process planning — variant and generative [3].
Variant CAPP was the first approach used to computerize
planning techniques. It is based on the notion that similar
parts will have similar process plans. Part coding and
classification based on group technology are used to
implement this concept. A “standard” plan is formulated
and stored for each part family [4].
Variant CAPP has the following advantages: (a) once a
standard plan has been written, a variety of components
can be planned; (b) programming and installation are
comparatively simple; (c) the system is understandable,
and the planner has control over the final plan; and (d) it is
easy to learn and use. Yet several problems are also
associated with variant CAPP: (a) the components to be
planned are limited to previously planned similar
components, and process optimization is not included;
(b) experienced process planners are still required to
modify the standard plan for a specific component;
(c) variant planning cannot be used in an entirely
automated manufacturing system without additional
process planning [2].
Generative CAPP envisions creation of a process plan
from information available in a manufacturing database
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without human intervention. Upon receiving the design
model, the system is able to generate the required
operations and operation sequence for the component [5].
A generative process-planning system comprises three
main components: (a) part description, (b) manufacturing
databases, and (c) decision-making logic and algorithms.
Because the definition of generative process planning
used in industry today is somewhat relaxed, any system
containing some decision-making capabilities on process
selection is called a generative system.
Generative process planning is regarded as more
advanced than variant process planning. Ideally, a
generative process-planning system is a turnkey system
with all the decision logic built in. However, due to
differences among manufacturing shops, decision logics
have to be customized for each shop. The generative
process-planning approach has the following advantages:
(a) process plans are generated rapidly; (b) new
components can be planned without relying on previous
similar parts; and (c) there is potential for integrating with
automated manufacturing facilities to provide detailed
objective control information [2][3]. Most research
systems are of the generative CAPP type [6].
1.2 Digital Manufacturing Overview
Historically, manufacturing process planning was manual
and based primarily on the experience and knowledge of
individual process planners, who typically developed
manufacturing process plans after product planning. The
failings of this sequential approach contributed to the
advent of concurrent engineering, enabling simultaneous
product and process planning. Most digital manufacturing
technology suites are built around this core manufacturing
process function.
Digital manufacturing has become a key component of
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). PLM systems are
the current solution for managing the integrated
Knowledge Information and Data (KID) regarding product
design, production process and production capabilities.
Digital manufacturing seeks to define and manage
manufacturing process information and support effective
collaboration among engineering disciplines by using full
digital product and plant definitions. It facilitates a holistic
view of product and process design as integral to the
product lifecycle and enables referencing to process
constraints and capabilities during product design. Digital
manufacturing supports product data release, engineering
change management, factory modeling, visualization and
collaboration, simulation of operations, and ergonomic
and human factor analyses. The PLM platform is,
therefore, the natural backbone for enabling technological
KID management for CAPP.
2 LEADING PLM/CAPP SOLUTIONS
This research encompasses process planning of abrasive
component manufacturing and therefore excludes
additional CAPP capabilities such as assembly planning
and shop floor planning. A field study collected information
on process planning solutions available in industry and
mapped the state-of-the-art in the field. Interviews with
leading solution providers, among them UGS, PTC and
Dassault Systemes, demonstrate the state-of-the-art in
digital manufacturing. The companies employ similar
strategies offering manufacturers an integrated solution
for digital management of product and process KID. All of
the proposed solutions include the following components:
CAD system
Process planning capabilities
CAM system
PLM KID management capability
Interface to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) systems
Figure 1 presents the current system configuration, as
well as the strategic aim of future systems. Current and
future solutions differ mainly in the applicability of the PLM
and Digital Manufacturing component as the KID
backbone to support CAD-CAPP-CAM systems and the
not-yet-existing feedback loop for improving design and
process planning productivity and profitability. Current
CAPP solutions are suited to mass production of specific
product types, e.g., the power train market, the automotive
industry, and, more recently, the aerospace industry.
Machine
Code &
Process
Plan
PLM (Digital Manufacturing component)
Product definition
Part Process Plan
Resource Data (tools, machines,
fixtures, etc)
Resource Content (tool database, etc)
Manufacturing Knowledge
CAD CAPP CAM
ERP/MES
Future
Current
Figure 1: Current and future process planning solutions.
Figure 2 presents the most common knowledge-based
methods used in CAx. Historically, computer aided design
was the first to support knowledge in engineering
processes and thus incorporates the largest number of
knowledge management methods. Computer aided
process planning and manufacturing have also introduced
similar techniques, but knowledge generation and transfer
must be carried out separately for each application and
specific environmental conditions.
CAD
Macro programming
Element libraries
Parameters
Associativity
Features
User defined features
Model checks
Templates
Configuration tools
Knowledge-based CAx
CAPP
Macro programming
Features
Templates
Knowledge-based
search
CAM
Macro programming
Parameters
Features
Templates
Simulation
Figure 2: Established knowledge tools in CAx systems.
Generally, solution providers focus on CAD and CAM
tools rather than on CAPP. However, available CAM
solutions have been expanded to include some CAPP
functionalities, e.g., feature recognition, process plan
definition for compound features (including tool selection)
and rule-based prioritization of machine operations.
Because CAM systems are well accepted and
implemented in the market, their expansion was
appropriate. Moreover, cooperation between process
planners and manufacturers—or shop floor—is more
common than between process planner and designer.
This trend of including CAPP capabilities in CAM systems
is contrary to the expected benefits from collaboration
between designers (CAD) and process planners (CAPP).
Integrating product and manufacturing process design is
vital, for it facilitates optimization of product cost. This
integration also reduces product development lead time,
-177-
hence lowering R&D costs, and promises improved
product quality and performance, thus enabling a more
timely and profitable solution for industry [7].
In the future, solution providers will be able to interface
CAD and CAM systems to a PLM backbone with the
following digital manufacturing capabilities:
Rough cut process planning
Resource management (tools, machines, fixtures)
Knowledge management and rule base for process
planning
Process template management
Change management of product and process data
Part and process KID classification
2.1 Market solution discussion
Currently, no complete solution is appropriate for
SMEs with small batch production and vast product
varieties (outsourcing market). Existing solutions suit
in-house mass production manufacturers.
CAPP solutions require significant investment to
describe the specific environment of each variable.
Existing solutions focus mainly on prismatic parts, with
minimal support for freeform process planning.
Existing CAPP solutions focus on detailed planning
and finding the optimal solution for machine
processing planning. They do not include business
considerations that often determine process plan
variables such as technology or machines selected.
3 SURVEY OF CAPP AND PROCESS PLANNING
IN SME MANUFACTURING
Experienced process planners from five SME
manufacturing facilities and twenty expert researchers
were interviewed to gather baseline information on
process planning and CAPP.
3.1 SME Industrial Survey
Four Israeli manufacturing facilities were selected initially.
The interviews sought to understand decision-making in
process planning as well as to collect available or missing
decision support tools and to pinpoint decision processes
where such tools would contribute most. The focus was on
plants planning small batch production processes rather
than mass production processes. Interviewees were
production managers, process planners and CNC
programmers, all experts in process planning.
Analysis of the results of the first round of interviews
yielded a preliminary decision model and an ontology
structure for describing the process planners’ immediate
environment (inputs and outputs of the decision process).
Results were validated by a return visit to one of the plants
for model verification as well as by model validation by
interviewing a fifth process planner.
3.2 The Questionnaire
Describe the environment, technologies, machines
and existing CAD/CAM tools.
Describe the information included in every new order
(drawing, CAD model, routing, file formats, dimensions
and tolerances).
Describe the decision process for selecting a
manufacturing technology, specific machines, tools,
jigs, dividing operations into elements, parameters for
each element, setups.
Describe the interaction between product designer,
process planner and manufacturer.
Describe the relevant KID management capabilities.
Define business parameters impacting process plan
(e.g., priorities in manufacturing resource allocation).
3.3 Industrial Field Study Conclusions
Process planning combines both technological and
business considerations to select the optimal process to
ensure part quality in accordance with specifications and
at minimal cost. Nevertheless, our overview of SME
manufacturers shows that:
Contrary to CAD/CAM, CAPP is not implemented in
SMEs.
Management of infrastructure knowledge (machining
equipment and tools) is lacking.
Production process knowledge is not managed, but
rather only documentation of work performed.
Difficulties exist in identifying similar jobs (e.g., in case
of significant engineering change, job is considered
entirely new), with reliance only on employee memory.
Digital information is transferred from designer to
manufacturer (i.e. STEP and PDF files), but there is no
digital data collaboration for transferring feedback from
manufacturer to designer.
3.4 Survey at IFW
To determine the requirements and conditions of process
planning in experimental situations, a survey was
conducted at IFW. The goal was to identify relevant
process data used for planning research experiments in
an academic environment. Twenty researchers were
questioned about necessary preparation and needed data
while planning experiments. The results revealed that
process parameters such as feed or cutting speed are
often searched for. Yet frequently it is indirect and
processed data sources such as diagrams or pictures that
are searched. While such sources visualize parameter
relations, they also make them more difficult to find and
extract. The conclusion is that organizational knowledge
tends to be converted into tacit knowledge and thus is
difficult to extract.
4 MODELING THE PROCESS PLANNER
ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Decision Process Model
Whether a process planning decision procedure is
completely manual or computer aided, it will inevitably
include the following stages:
Receiving order and design details.
Selecting raw material and shape.
Selecting process technology.
Determining process order.
Preparing processing plan, which includes:
o Selection of machining operations
o Sequencing of machining operations
o Selection of cutting tools
o Determination of setup requirements
o Calculations of cutting parameters
o Selection/design of jigs and fixtures
o Planning tool path
o Estimating processing setup costs and times.
Generating planning output (CNC program,
documentation).
Figure 3 presents the upper aggregate level of the
process planning decision-making procedure. This model
is a drill-down model where each activity is further
explicated in a lower level model. Figure 4 demonstrates
one such drill-down process for rough planning. For such
applications, OPM provides a good modeling tool [8].
-178-
4.2 Ontology Structure
The process planner environment was described by
developing an ontology. For a particular domain, an
ontology expresses the set of terms, entities, objects and
classes and the relationships between them, and provides
formal definitions and axioms that constrain the
interpretation of these terms [9]. The ontology is often
captured in some form of semantic network—a graph with
nodes representing concepts or individual objects and
arcs representing relationships or associations among the
concepts [10].
The ontology’s aim is to make explicit the knowledge
contained within software applications, as well as that
within an organization and the business procedures in a
particular domain. All the instances and classes of the
process-planning ontology have been identified and
verified, and the ontology is now being generated using
the Protégé tool. Figure 5 presents the data base classes
relevant to the facility data, and Figure 6 shows the
database classes relevant to the order data. The rough
plan and detailed plan are similarly described.
5 THE HOLISTIC PLM/CAPP SOLUTION
In section 2, the current available solutions and current
development strategies of the PLM market were
discussed. In this section we identify and discuss a
complementary set of tools and capabilities required for
providing a holistic PLM/CAPP solution. Moreover, the
added contribution to existing research directions is
discussed.
Rough cut planning:
based on commercial,
logistic and technical
considerations
CAD
PLM process
ERP/MES KID manager
Facility
Data
Order Data
Detailed planning
machine/ operation
CAPP CAM
Output:
•Machine code
•List of tools
•List of jigs
•Process documentation
Rough plan:
•Selected technology
•Selected machines
•Additional treatments
•Finishing processes
•Quality assurance
•Sequencing
Figure 3: A complete process plan.
CAD
ERP/MES
Analyze drawings &
specifications:
•Part dimensions
•Tolerances
•Raw material
•Surface finish
Determine Technology
Allocate required sources:
In-House or
out-source
Determine routing (machine
type, and sequence)
Facility
Data
•Engineering KID
•Logistic and
commercial KID
Order data
Analyze resource availability
Review previous plans of
similar products/orders
Evaluate commercial value of
the order:
• Price
• Profitability
• Past experience
• Future potential
* Rough plan
Figure 4: The drill down rough plan procedure.
-179-
FACILITY DATA
Resource availability
Machines
Tools
Raw material
Manpower
Subcontractors
Jigs
Variable commercial data Explicit facility KID
Variable work costs
Facility fixed costs
Required profit margin
Facility responsiveness
Current backlog
Process documentation
Resource templates
Process templates
Implicit facility KID
Previous experience
Facility reputation
Available process standards
CAD/CAM/CAPP tools
Transportation capabilities
Figure 5: The structure of the facility ontology
Engineering data
Product geometry
Product dimensions
Tolerances
Surface finish
Additional mfg. processes
Quality control requirements
Media type
CAD type
Packing instructions
Logistic/commercial kid
Explicit KID Implicit KID
Order quantity
Due date
Estimated cost
Price
Payment terms
Customer prioritization
Contribution to reputation
Previous experience with customer
Customer flexibility
Perceived
Translation - Thai การจัดการความรู้ในการวางแผนกระบวนการ (Knowledge Management in Process Planning)
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