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Spanish to English: For a Human Geography and a Spatially Open Ethics General field: Social Sciences
Source text - Spanish POR UNA GEOGRAFÍA HUMANA Y UNA ÉTICA ABIERTA ESPACIALMENTE (O UNA ÉTICA ESPACIALIZADA)
“Geography is not only something we study but also something we create (…) Geography is intimately involved in this relationship between the real and the good”. Robert Sack, 2002.
“Toda vez que el conocimiento geográfico es proyectado para un conjunto de personas que van trabajando con planeamiento, éste pasa a ser altamente ético y humanitario. Son los geógrafos los que cuidan de las relaciones entre hombres, comunidades, sociedades y el medio ambiente en que esos componentes básicos del planeta, junto con la vida vegetal y animal, tiene su hábitat”. Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber (1924-2012).
Estas dos citas iniciales nos permiten comenzar esta reflexión sobre geografía y ética sobre unas bases firmes: lo apropiado de la discusión debido a la íntima relación entre ambos conceptos y la rica aportación que la geografía como ciencia puede hacer a la ética. Además, el texto de Ab’Saber es interesante porque reúne en un mismo fragmento dos palabras que, etimológicamente, han significado lo mismo: ética y hábitat. Malcom P. Cutchin (2002) recupera la aguda observación del filósofo Edward S. Casey (1997) –ya señalada en el ámbito español por el filósofo José Luis Aranguren, aunque en un sentido más metafórico -, quien nos recuerda que existe una antigua conexión ontológica entre geografía y ética, tanto en cuanto la palabra “ética” halla sus raíces en el vocablo griego ēthea, que significa “hábitat”, “morada”, “residencia”, “lugar donde se habita”(y también “carácter”, “personalidad”, “hábito”). Para Casey, dos conceptos fundamentales de la humanidad como “política” (politics) y “ética” (ethics) provendrían de palabras griegas con una significación geográfica, de lugar (place): la primera provendría de polis (ciudad) y la segunda de ēthea (hábitat). Esta doble etimología nos permite conectar desde el principio ambos conceptos que compartirían, como señala Casey, una conexión ontológica. En este juego de palabras, la definición que hace Nancie Erhard (2007), quien de nuevo acude a la doble etimología de Casey , nos parece clarividente: “Ethos as Moral Habitat”. Como metáfora del sentido que le podemos dar a esta relación, y como recuerda Erhard (2007: 12), “the origin of the English word “ethos”-and the word “ethics”- thus intimately links place, other kind and morality”. La geografía, mediante el concepto de lugar y más generalmente de espacio, está, pues, estrechamente ligada a la definición intrínseca de la ética. La conclusión de Erhard es muy apropiada: “The multivalence of ethos in Greek, particularly its connection of ethics with place, recognizes that moral subjects are by definition subjects in a word, not entities in isolation, existing in some immaterial void” (Erhard, 2007: 13). De este modo, cualquier reflexión sobre ética debería contar con una dimensión geográfico-espacial, que sea inherente a la misma, de la misma manera que toda reflexión sobre el lugar y el espacio debería predisponer a una consideración ética del mismo y de su uso.
Translation - English FOR A HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND A SPATIALLY OPEN ETHICS (OR A SPATIALIZED ETHICS)
“Geography is not only something we study but also something we create (…) Geography is intimately involved in this relationship between the real and the good”. Robert Sack, 2002.
“Since geographical knowledge is projected towards a series of people who work on planning, the latter becomes highly ethical and humanitarian. It is geographers who care for relationships between people, communities, societies and the environment within which these essential components, along with plant and animal life, have their habitat”. Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber (1924-2012).
These two quotations provide us with firm foundations for this discussion of geography and ethics; they show that the discussion is appropriate because the two concepts are closely related and that, as a science, geography has a wealth of contributions to make to ethics. Furthermore, Ab’Saber’s text is interesting because it brings together in the same excerpt two words which etymology shows have held the same meaning: ethics and habitat. Malcom P. Cutchin (2002) cites the very perceptive observation of the philosopher Edward S. Casey (1997), who reminds us that there is an ancient ontological link between geography and ethics, as the word “ethics” has its root in the Greek word ēthea, which means “habitat”, “dwelling”, “residence”, “place where one lives”(as well as “character”, “personality”, “habit”). This observation had already been highlighted in Spain by the philosopher José Luis Aranguren, although he used it in the metaphorical sense . According to Casey, two concepts which are fundamental to humanity, “politics” and “ethics”, came from Greek words with a geographical meaning relating to place: the first came from polis (city) and the second from ēthea (habitat). This common etymology allows us to link these two concepts, which, as Casey points out, share an ontological connection, from the outset. Amidst this word play, Nancie Erhard’s definition (2007), which once again uses Casey’s dual etymology , seems particularly clear-sighted: “Ethos as Moral Habitat” as a metaphor of the meaning that we can attribute to this relationship. As Erhard (2007: 12) reminds us, “the origin of the English word “ethos”-and the word “ethics”- thus intimately links place, other kind and morality”. Through the concept of place and, more generally, through that of space, geography is therefore closely linked to the inherent definition of ethics. Erhard’s conclusion is highly appropriate: “The multivalence of ethos in Greek, particularly its connection of ethics with place, recognizes that moral subjects are by definition subjects in a word, not entities in isolation, existing in some immaterial void” (Erhard, 2007: 13). Thus, any reflection on ethics should have a geographical-spatial aspect as an integral part of it, just as any discussion of place and space should incline one to consider the ethics of the space and its use.
French to English: Anti-ageing product General field: Marketing Detailed field: Cosmetics, Beauty
Source text - French L’hibiscus blanc, symbole de beauté et de séduction
L’hibiscus est un arbrisseau présent dans de nombreuses régions tropicales et subtropicales. Il constitue une curiosité botanique car ses fleurs développent un calice charnu après la chute des pétales au point de mimer l’apparence d’un fruit. Il existe plusieurs variétés d’hibiscus, dont la plus connue présente des pétales rouge servant à la préparation d’une boisson délicieuse et désaltérante surnommée « thé de santé ». L’hibiscus blanc, une autre variété aux pétales blanc caractéristiques et au calice formé par cinq sépales blanc très charnus, est utilisé dans la cuisine sénégalaise pour sa saveur incomparable. Réputées aphrodisiaques, les calices d’hibiscus étaient brûlés lors de rituels d'amour. Dans beaucoup de pays tropicaux, ils sont tressés en guirlandes et portés pendant les cérémonies de mariage.
L’hibiscus doit également son succès à ces nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques pour soulager divers maux tels que les crampes intestinales. En effet, le calice d’hibiscus est reconnu pour ses propriétés anti-spasmodiques au niveau des muscles intestinaux et utérins.
Ces vertus intéressantes ont attiré notre attention pour une application cosmétique visant les contractions des muscles du visage. Nous avons donc développé et testé un extrait de calice d’hibiscus blanc et obtenu des résultats très convaincants.
Le baobab, symbole de longévité
Le baobab a toujours frappé l’imagination autant par sa forme surprenante que par son extraordinaire longévité. Cet arbre aux mille usages et aux capacités de régénération remarquables, tire son nom du fait que son fruit possède de très nombreuses graines. Ces graines sont entourées d’une pulpe poudreuse et sèche à maturité qui est dégustée comme bonbons par les enfants. Cette pulpe est également consommée sous forme d’une boisson à l’eau, le «Bouye», pour ses effets rafraîchissants et toniques et recommandée malicieusement aux touristes en proie à des gastro-entérites.
Connu comme aliment traditionnel, la pulpe du fruit de baobab a également des propriétés thérapeutiques. De la même manière que l’hibiscus présente un intérêt pour réduire les contractions musculaires, le baobab neutralise l’action paralysante de la strophantine. Cette propriété est traditionnellement exploitée en Afrique pour détoxifier le gibier chassé au moyen de flèches induites de ce poison. Des études démontrent que par effet de compétition, l’adansonine du baobab agit comme contre-poison en se plaçant sur les mêmes récepteurs que la strophantine ce qui limite son effet paralysant.
Nous nous sommes intéressés à cette propriété et avons mis en évidence qu’en l’absence de molécule compétitrice, le baobab inhibe les contractions musculaires.
Enfin, la composition de la pulpe de baobab riche en composés antioxydants de type polyphénols mais aussi vitamines C, B et E, présente un intérêt réel dans des produits visant à lutter contre le vieillissement.
Translation - English White hibiscus, a symbol of beauty and seduction
The hibiscus is a shrub which is found in many tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is a botanical curiosity because the flowers develop a fleshy calyx which looks like a fruit after the petals have fallen. There are several varieties of hibiscus, the best known of which has red petals, which are used to make a delicious, thirst-quenching drink nicknamed “health tea”. White hibiscus is another variety with characteristic white petals and a calyx made up of five very fleshy white sepals. It is used in Senegalese cooking for its distinctive flavour. The hibiscus calyx was said to be an aphrodisiac and was burned during love rituals. In many tropical countries, it is woven into garlands and worn during marriage ceremonies.
The hibiscus also owes its success to its many therapeutic properties, which make it effective against a variety of ills such as stomach cramps. Hisbiscus is, in fact, known for its anti-spasmodic properties affecting the intestinal and uterine muscles.
It was these useful properties which alerted us to the possibility of cosmetic applications involving contraction of the face muscles. We then developed and tested an extract of white hibiscus calyx which yielded very convincing results.
The baobab, a symbol of longevity
The baobab has always captured people’s imaginations both because of its surprising shape and because it lives for an extraordinarily long time. It has thousands of different uses and remarkable regenerative powers. Its name relates to the fact that the fruit contains many seeds. The seeds of the mature fruit are surrounded by a powdery, dry pulp which children eat like sweets. The pulp can also be made into a drink called “bouye” with water, which has a refreshing, tonic effect. It is mischieviously recommended to tourists suffering from gastroenteritis.
The pulp of the baobab fruit is known as a traditional food but it also has therapeutic properties. Just as hibiscus can be useful in alleviating muscle contractions, the baobab acts as an antidote to the paralysing effects of strophantine. This property is traditionally used in Africa to detoxify game that has been killed using arrows dipped in strophantine. Studies show that the adansonine in the baobab counteracts the poisonous effects of the strophantine by competing with it and occupying the same receptor sites, thus limiting its paralysing effects.
We focused on this property and have shown that, in the absence of competing molecules, the baobab inhibits muscle contractions.
Finally, the composition of baobab fruit pulp, which is rich in antioxidant compounds like polyphenols but also vitamins C, B and E, is of considerable interest for products designed to fight ageing.
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Master's degree - École Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs, Paris
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Years of experience: 34. Registered at ProZ.com: Jan 2009.
Spanish to English (MA in Interpreting and Translation (Spanish<>Engli) English to Spanish (MA in Interpreting and Translation (Spanish <> Eng) French to English (Master en Interprétation de conférences) French to English (École Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs (Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III))
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Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Wordfast
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I specialise in texts that read like originals rather than translations. I'll take your Spanish, French or Portuguese document and produce a clear, accurate English translation that does the job you want it to do.
In the multi-media internet age, people will only read if you make it easy for them so texts must be of high quality to make an impact. Quality is what I provide.
I'm a linguist by training and an experienced translator, with knowledge of a range of business, institutional and some technical and scientific fields (see profile for details). I've built up a range of technical glossaries over the years and I've lived for extended periods in countries speaking each of the languages I translate from so I know the cultures as well as the languages. As a result, you get the benefit of accurate translations expressed in clear English.
Contact me for competitive rates for a quality job.
Keywords: Spanish, español, French, français, Portuguese, português, English, inglés, anglais, inglês. See more.Spanish, español, French, français, Portuguese, português, English, inglés, anglais, inglês, report, rapport, relatório, international development, desarrollo internacional, coopération internationale, desenvolvimento internacional, trade, comercio, échanges et commerce, comércio, indústria. See less.
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