Information taken from: 09:20 Aug 18, 2015
Denys Hay, John Law: Italy in the Age of the Renaissance 1380-1530 Longman History of Italy Page 37: ... and by the Spanish Borgia popes Calixtus III (1455-58) and Alexander VI (1492-1503) ... Page 163: 'Nepotism' - if that is not always strictly the right word and relationship - was a characteristic of most of the Renaissance popes, but especially so with the della Rovere Sixtus IV (1471-84), the Borgia Alexander VI (1492-1503) and the Medici Leo X (1513-22) and Clement VII (1523-34). |