ZAO

English translation: Closed or closely held corporation (in Russia)

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Italian term or phrase:ZAO
English translation:Closed or closely held corporation (in Russia)
Entered by: claudiocambon

18:31 Sep 16, 2009
Italian to English translations [PRO]
Bus/Financial - Business/Commerce (general)
Italian term or phrase: ZAO
This is a title preceding the name of a textile factory in Tajikstan (ultimately owned by Italians), which is distinguished from the equally mysterious "SM" that precedes the names of the other factories (that seem to produce cotton clothing). Unfortunately there is no other context. While there is the slight chance that this is a Tajik designation, I can't help but wonder if this stands for "Zona .... Operativa" or something like that, so I wanted to ask if anyone had any suggestions on this. Thanks!!
claudiocambon
United States
Local time: 02:56
Close corporation
Explanation:
Following Ellen I found the explanation below in a German-English Kudoz question.
The ZAO is the Russian term (acronym).

German term or phrase: geschlossene Aktiengesellschaft
Die Wertgegenstaende gehoeren dem Hinterleger der Geschlossenen Aktiengesellschaft XXX als Eigentum in Uebereinstimmung mit dem Kaufvertrag vom XXX.
TIA
Julia LipelesKudoZ activity
Questions: 185 (none open)
(3 closed without grading)
Answers: 101

United States

Local time: 14:43
(7 hrs behind you)

Flag or filter this asker:

English translation:close corporation
Explanation:
I'm not totally sure about this, but Prof. Dr. Trunk (at my university ;-)) thinks it might be taken from the US term "close corporation": "Geschlossene AG: max 50 Aktionäre (§ 7 III AktG) [ebso. jetzt § 7 Punkt 3 GmbHG]: Begriff wohl aus US Recht abgeleitet (close corporation), dort historisch keine GmbH existent" (see: http://www.uni-kiel.de/eastlaw/ss04/Ostwi_17-6-2004.html ).

Here's a definition of "close corporation": "A corporation in which all of the voting stock is held by a few shareholders, such as management or family members. also called private company." (see: http://www.chooselaw.com/glossary/set160.html ).

Perhaps you really could just use "private company". :-)

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Note added at 25 mins (2005-11-17 20:05:17 GMT)
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Sorry, the definition is not from that link but rather from www.investorwords.com (it kept trying to pop-up new windows, so I found a similar definition). ;-)
Selected response from:

Derek Gill Franßen
Germany
Local time: 20:43
(1 hr behind you)

Grading comment
Thank you Derek!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer




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Note added at 30 mins (2009-09-16 19:02:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Closely Held Corporations
Text Size:



Lawyers.comsm


If you are starting or buying a small business, you may be wondering if a closely held corporation is the type of organizational form that you want your business to have. A corporation is a legal entity that is created under state law. It is directed by a group of people, called the board of directors, for a common purpose. It is owned by the shareholders.

A closely held corporation or close corporation is a corporation in which shares are held by one shareholder or a closely knit group of shareholders. The shares are held by a small number of people, and the shares are not traded on a public stock exchange. The majority shareholders participate in the management, direction and operations of the corporation.

Found in this site:
http://business-law.lawyers.com/business-formation/Closely-H...

So both terms are acceptable.
Selected response from:

Gad Kohenov
Israel
Local time: 11:56
Grading comment
Thanks to all for your lengthy contributions. I opted for the US variant of the term, to which desert fox's answer was closest.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
5Close Joint Stock Company
Clifford Marcus
4Close corporation
Gad Kohenov
4geschlossene Aktiengesellschaft
Ellen Kraus
4PC Inc. (please see)
Michael Korovkin


Discussion entries: 7





  

Answers


17 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
Close corporation


Explanation:
Following Ellen I found the explanation below in a German-English Kudoz question.
The ZAO is the Russian term (acronym).

German term or phrase: geschlossene Aktiengesellschaft
Die Wertgegenstaende gehoeren dem Hinterleger der Geschlossenen Aktiengesellschaft XXX als Eigentum in Uebereinstimmung mit dem Kaufvertrag vom XXX.
TIA
Julia LipelesKudoZ activity
Questions: 185 (none open)
(3 closed without grading)
Answers: 101

United States

Local time: 14:43
(7 hrs behind you)

Flag or filter this asker:

English translation:close corporation
Explanation:
I'm not totally sure about this, but Prof. Dr. Trunk (at my university ;-)) thinks it might be taken from the US term "close corporation": "Geschlossene AG: max 50 Aktionäre (§ 7 III AktG) [ebso. jetzt § 7 Punkt 3 GmbHG]: Begriff wohl aus US Recht abgeleitet (close corporation), dort historisch keine GmbH existent" (see: http://www.uni-kiel.de/eastlaw/ss04/Ostwi_17-6-2004.html ).

Here's a definition of "close corporation": "A corporation in which all of the voting stock is held by a few shareholders, such as management or family members. also called private company." (see: http://www.chooselaw.com/glossary/set160.html ).

Perhaps you really could just use "private company". :-)

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 25 mins (2005-11-17 20:05:17 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Sorry, the definition is not from that link but rather from www.investorwords.com (it kept trying to pop-up new windows, so I found a similar definition). ;-)
Selected response from:

Derek Gill Franßen
Germany
Local time: 20:43
(1 hr behind you)

Grading comment
Thank you Derek!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer




--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 30 mins (2009-09-16 19:02:31 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Closely Held Corporations
Text Size:



Lawyers.comsm


If you are starting or buying a small business, you may be wondering if a closely held corporation is the type of organizational form that you want your business to have. A corporation is a legal entity that is created under state law. It is directed by a group of people, called the board of directors, for a common purpose. It is owned by the shareholders.

A closely held corporation or close corporation is a corporation in which shares are held by one shareholder or a closely knit group of shareholders. The shares are held by a small number of people, and the shares are not traded on a public stock exchange. The majority shareholders participate in the management, direction and operations of the corporation.

Found in this site:
http://business-law.lawyers.com/business-formation/Closely-H...

So both terms are acceptable.

Gad Kohenov
Israel
Local time: 11:56
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in FrenchFrench, Native in HebrewHebrew
PRO pts in category: 142
Grading comment
Thanks to all for your lengthy contributions. I opted for the US variant of the term, to which desert fox's answer was closest.
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

8 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
geschlossene Aktiengesellschaft


Explanation:
закрытое акционерное общество lautet diese Abkürzung auf Russisch

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Note added at 9 Min. (2009-09-16 18:41:43 GMT)
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Die russische geschlossene Aktiengesellschaft (Закрытое акционерное общество, abgekürzt ,,zao``) Gründung einer Geschlos.
www.brennecke-partner.de/.../Gesellschaftsformen-in-Russlan...

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Note added at 22 Min. (2009-09-16 18:54:36 GMT)
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closed STOCK CORPORATION : USA
GB:Limited Company i.e. with limited liability

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Note added at 42 Min. (2009-09-16 19:14:11 GMT)
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I forgot to mention the English term. here it is: "CLOSED (Stock) CORPORATION "

Ellen Kraus
Austria
Local time: 10:56
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in GermanGerman
PRO pts in category: 28
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

3 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
PC Inc. (please see)


Explanation:
It's a Russian acronym rendered in latin letters: ЗАО (Закрытое Акционерное Общество) = ZAO (Zaкрытoe Aktzionernoe Obschestvo), meaning, literally, "Closed Shareholding Society" in English it should be "PC Inc." (Private Company Incorporated)
The bloody Uzbeks!
Sorry, I'm answering on the run: no time to look inside the other two answers – one in German (why not in Japanese or Basque? Interesting languages too...) and one saying "Close Corporation", which is kind of right but not used that too often. Cheers!

Michael Korovkin
Italy
Local time: 10:56
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish, Native in RussianRussian
PRO pts in category: 105
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14 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
Close Joint Stock Company


Explanation:
http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&l2=2&s=���

it's Russian: закрытое акционерное общество// zaktritoe aksionernoe obshestvo

When doing Russian translations I tend to leave it is ZAO, but on first instance put an explanation between brackets.


Clifford Marcus
Local time: 09:56
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: English
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