GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
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12:44 Nov 27, 2012 |
Hungarian to English translations [PRO] Bus/Financial - Business/Commerce (general) | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Andras Mohay (X) Local time: 22:41 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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4 +1 | economic employer / OECD: real employer |
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4 | employer |
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4 | economic (vs. legal) employer |
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employer Explanation: The OECD Model Agreement also uses just that term (defined in Art. 15) and actually, I never heard this "gazdasági munkáltató" earlier, in real life. At the same time, the expression "business/employer" occurs quite often in all papers and to indicate the type of that employer, this might be a solution. |
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economic employer / OECD: real employer Explanation: As opposed to "formal employer" Ha az integrációs teszt alapján a formális és a gazdasági értelemben vett munkáltató személye nem egyezik meg, további, a Kommentárban leírt szempontot kell figyelembe venni a 15. cikk 2. bekezdése szerinti „munkáltató” meghatározására http://www.nav.gov.hu/nav/ado/szja/gazdasagi_munkaltato_kett... ... some domestic law definitions) between the “formal” employer and the “economic” (or, in OECD terminology, “real”) employer. The OECD Model Commentary ... http://goo.gl/xfjyw The OECD Commentary does not use the terms formal employer and economic employer ~ but real employer - so the Revenue's position is not crystal clear http://www.unifr.ch/cdfpd/assets/files/publications/2002 Int... |
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economic (vs. legal) employer Explanation: See the relevant source, OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital: http://tinyurl.com/d5ybqw5 Chapter V: Methods for elimination of double taxation Browsable full version: http://tinyurl.com/ca683h5 "...the position of an investor in a CIV differs substantially, as a legal and economic matter..." "...Contracting States will want to consider the economic characteristics..." See article specifically addressing the differentiation between economic employer and legal employer: "With OECD's Proposed Changes to Model Treaty Commentary on Article 15, Are They about To Open Pandora's Box?": http://www.us.kpmg.com/microsite/tax/ies/tea/summer2007/arti... "Potential for Conflicting Interpretations In light of the above, in cases of "international hiring out of labor," the word "employer" should be interpreted as the employee's "economic employer" rather than legal employer. (The expression "legal employer" is used in this article to mean the company with which the employee has a formal employment contract.) However, more and more countries are seeking to interpret the word "employer" this way even when "international hiring out of labor," or any other sort of "abuse," is NOT in point. This has the potential for conflicts of treaty interpretation, mainly where one country adopts the "economic employer" approach and the other one does not, but also between two countries which take the "economic employer" approach but have different tests as to what is an "economic employer."" Some explanation can be found in this Hungarian (+German) document on the subject: "A német-és magyarországi társasági- valamint személyi jövedelemadóztatás egyes gyakorlati aspektusai": http://tinyurl.com/d85v7bz "...A Modellegyezmény tehát elkülöníti a jogi és a gazdasági értelemben vett munkáltató fogalmát. Ennek megfelelően munkáltatói funkció a fogadónál, akkor adózás Magyarországon." |
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