hochladende Items

English translation: having high loading, loaded highly, high-loading

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
German term or phrase:hochladend
English translation:having high loading, loaded highly, high-loading
Entered by: Susan Welsh

16:43 Oct 15, 2019
German to English translations [PRO]
Social Sciences - Psychology / statistics
German term or phrase: hochladende Items
This is a discussion of questionnaires on guilt, and the subject here is statistical analysis. It has nothing to do with "uploading" of data, as to a server, as far as I can see, yet that is the only context in which I find hochladen ("upload"). I can't find "upload" as a term in factor analysis. Am I wrong?

Beispiele hochladender Items auf Faktor 1 sind Schuldgefühle bei den folgenden Situationen: “Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie betanken das Auto einer nahestehenden Person. Als Sie wegfahren wollen, raucht es aus der Motorhaube: Motorschaden” bzw. “Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie denken kritisch über eine nahestehende Person” bzw. “Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sagen jemandem ab, der sich freut, Sie zu treffen.” Beispiele hochladender Items auf Faktor 2 sind Schuldgefühle bei den Situationen “Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie fahren zu schnell durch eine Wohnsiedlung.
Susan Welsh
United States
Local time: 06:46
load highly on(to)
Explanation:
From a Bundestag document:

"Resilienzstudien...zeigen, dass neben Selbstwirksamkeit, die ein 'hochladender' Faktor ist, soziale Unterstützung der eigentlich 'höchstladendste' Faktor ist."
https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/482888/036ca67f750816...

They might be overdoing it a bit. Still, the above quote should make it pretty clear that this is about correlations:

“Die Ladung ist ein Koeffizient (R), der angibt, in welcher Höhe die Variable mit dem Faktor korreliert. Der quadrierte Korrelationskoeffizient (R2) gibt an, welcher Anteil der Varianz der Variable vom Faktor erklärt wird."
http://www.diepold.de/barbara/diss/3.pdf

"Faktorladung, Kennzahl, die nach gerechneter Faktorenanalyse angibt, wie hoch der Anteil eines Faktors an der Streuung (Varianz) eines in der Korrelationsmatrix enthaltenen Verfahrens ist; kennzeichnet die Stärke, mit der ein Faktor eine empirisch erhobene Variable linear determiniert. Sie liegt zwischen -1.0 und +1.0 und zeigt damit auch die (positive oder negative) Richtung an, in der ein solcher Faktor eine empirische Variable beeinflußt."
https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/psychologie/faktorladung/467...

Faktorladung is indeed factor loading:
"Factor loadings are part of the outcome from factor analysis, which serves as a data reduction method designed to explain the correlations between observed variables using a smaller number of factors."
https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyc-of-research-desi...

"The coefficient of correlation of each variable with each factor is called a loading, and by examining which variables load highly on a factor it should be possible to deduce something about the nature of the factor"
http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/7278/jssisiVolX...

I think it would have helped if hochladend had been written as two words (hoch ladend), which is what a few GNS seem to do (cf Google Books). Some RL examples (last sentence includes "items"):

"Based on the variables loading highly onto Factor 1, we could call it..."
https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/factor-analysis-1-introduc...

"We can see that Items 6 and 7 load highly onto Factor 1 and Items 1, 3, 4, 5, and 8 load highly onto Factor 2. Item 2 does not seem to load highly on any factor."
https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/seminars/introduction-to-fa...

"Some variables may not load highly on any factors"
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Survey_research_and_design_i...

"An observed variable that is a good indicator of a latent factor is said to 'load highly' on that factor."
http://ibgwww.colorado.edu/twins2002/cdrom/HTML/BOOK/node133...

"The first‐order factors then load highly on the second‐order factor (factor loadings ranging from .66 to .99)."
http://nsse.indiana.edu/pdf/psychometric_portfolio/Validity_...

"What matters, is that you have a simple rule describing which items load highly on which factor."
https://www.applyingstatisticsinbehaviouralresearch.com/docu...
Selected response from:

Björn Vrooman
Local time: 11:46
Grading comment
Thanks everybody!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
3 +4load highly on(to)
Björn Vrooman
3high-stress items
TechLawDC


Discussion entries: 23





  

Answers


3 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +4
hochladend
load highly on(to)


Explanation:
From a Bundestag document:

"Resilienzstudien...zeigen, dass neben Selbstwirksamkeit, die ein 'hochladender' Faktor ist, soziale Unterstützung der eigentlich 'höchstladendste' Faktor ist."
https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/482888/036ca67f750816...

They might be overdoing it a bit. Still, the above quote should make it pretty clear that this is about correlations:

“Die Ladung ist ein Koeffizient (R), der angibt, in welcher Höhe die Variable mit dem Faktor korreliert. Der quadrierte Korrelationskoeffizient (R2) gibt an, welcher Anteil der Varianz der Variable vom Faktor erklärt wird."
http://www.diepold.de/barbara/diss/3.pdf

"Faktorladung, Kennzahl, die nach gerechneter Faktorenanalyse angibt, wie hoch der Anteil eines Faktors an der Streuung (Varianz) eines in der Korrelationsmatrix enthaltenen Verfahrens ist; kennzeichnet die Stärke, mit der ein Faktor eine empirisch erhobene Variable linear determiniert. Sie liegt zwischen -1.0 und +1.0 und zeigt damit auch die (positive oder negative) Richtung an, in der ein solcher Faktor eine empirische Variable beeinflußt."
https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/psychologie/faktorladung/467...

Faktorladung is indeed factor loading:
"Factor loadings are part of the outcome from factor analysis, which serves as a data reduction method designed to explain the correlations between observed variables using a smaller number of factors."
https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyc-of-research-desi...

"The coefficient of correlation of each variable with each factor is called a loading, and by examining which variables load highly on a factor it should be possible to deduce something about the nature of the factor"
http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/7278/jssisiVolX...

I think it would have helped if hochladend had been written as two words (hoch ladend), which is what a few GNS seem to do (cf Google Books). Some RL examples (last sentence includes "items"):

"Based on the variables loading highly onto Factor 1, we could call it..."
https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/factor-analysis-1-introduc...

"We can see that Items 6 and 7 load highly onto Factor 1 and Items 1, 3, 4, 5, and 8 load highly onto Factor 2. Item 2 does not seem to load highly on any factor."
https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/seminars/introduction-to-fa...

"Some variables may not load highly on any factors"
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Survey_research_and_design_i...

"An observed variable that is a good indicator of a latent factor is said to 'load highly' on that factor."
http://ibgwww.colorado.edu/twins2002/cdrom/HTML/BOOK/node133...

"The first‐order factors then load highly on the second‐order factor (factor loadings ranging from .66 to .99)."
http://nsse.indiana.edu/pdf/psychometric_portfolio/Validity_...

"What matters, is that you have a simple rule describing which items load highly on which factor."
https://www.applyingstatisticsinbehaviouralresearch.com/docu...

Björn Vrooman
Local time: 11:46
Native speaker of: Native in GermanGerman
PRO pts in category: 8
Grading comment
Thanks everybody!

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Joel Feinberg
4 hrs
  -> Thanks, Joel!

agree  Ramey Rieger (X)
10 hrs
  -> Thanks, Ramey! See, I did post it in less than an hour.

agree  Steffen Walter
10 hrs
  -> Thanks, Steffen!

neutral  Gordon Matthews: "hochladend" is an adjective and "Item" a noun, nicht wahr? I would therefore translate this as "high-loading factor".
13 hrs
  -> Thanks for your comment and d-box post, Gordon. I'll answer in the discussion box.

agree  Armorel Young: Yes (and don't confuse "items" with "factors". as Gordon seems to be doing - items load onto factors so they are quite separate things)
15 hrs
  -> Thanks, Armorel! Also, yes, I agree. TBH, I don't like the German sentence all that much.
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23 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
high-stress items


Explanation:
"high-stress" here meaning involving high stress to the participant.
(Of course the author might have said stressige Items, but it isn't the translator's function to criticize the author.)
--> It is possible that hochladende refers to the statistical treatment of the data, i.e. "highly weighted items" (highly weighted as to the statistical treatment). However, I do not read this, from the context as a whole.
(Perhaps more context would be desirable, to reveal exactly what Factor 1 and Factor 2 are.)


TechLawDC
United States
Local time: 06:46
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
Notes to answerer
Asker: On the factors, see my note in the Discussion under "Items."

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