vowel tokens

Serbian translation: tokeni vokala

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)

English term or phrase:	vowel tokens
Serbian translation:	tokeni vokala
Entered by:	amarok

11:28 Nov 23, 2008

English to Serbian translations [PRO]
Linguistics

English term or phrase: vowel tokens

kontekst: 1. Percentage of advanced tokens of the five vowels for each combination of social category and sex (number of tokens in parentheses)

(pre toga nemam nista drugo, ovo je sam pocetak prevoda koji sam dobila, a u daljem tekstu se nigde vise ne spominje)

zanima me da li su to samo obelezja samoglasnika, ili je neki drugi izraz koji se koristi u lingvistici?

hvala

amarok KudoZ activity Questions: 105 (none open) (12 closed without grading) Answers: 35 Serbia
Local time: 12:24

tokeni vokala

Explanation:
1. Mislim da ovde nije reč o simbolu, nego o načinu izgovora vokala. Rečenica koju ste naveli nalazi se u e-knjizi "The Handbook of Sociolinguistics", Florian Caulmas . Do nje se dolazi kada odete na Google i potražite celu rečenicu. Kada otvorite dati link za stranicu books.google.com, otvara se stranica 143, ali treba prelistati i prethodne dve stranice.

Još korisniji link je data Internet referenca gde je objašnjeno ispitivanje izgovora vokala na uzorku. Na stranici 64 data je tabela sa načinom izbora tokena vokala.

2. In linguistics (and in related speech and language research) the term token is used to refer to any single instance of some phenomenon or category that’s under investigation, and type is used for some category of which a token is a member.

http://collectingtokens.wordpress.com/category/linguistics/

Selected response from:

Predrag Loncar
Serbia
Local time: 12:24

Grading comment

4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer

Summary of answers provided

4 +5

tokeni vokala

Predrag Loncar

3 -1

terminalni simboli / tokeni

Tidza

Summary of reference entries provided

tokeni vokala

Branko Bojanin

Answers

1 hr confidence:

peer agreement (net): -1

terminalni simboli / tokeni

Explanation:
1. Terminalni simboli, kraće terminali ili tokeni su zapravo ono što obično nazivamo riječima.
http://wapedia.mobi/bs/Formalna_gramatika

2. Ako izneseno sintaktičko pravilo shvatimo kao zapis u nekom sintatičkom metajeziku onda IskazIf, Izraz i Iskaz predstavljaju metajezičke varijable koje u odnosu na ciljni jezik predstavljaju neterminalne simbole, "je definiran kao" i "ili kao" su metajezički operatori, a leksemi: if, then i else i znakovi zagrada su metajezičke konstante koje odgovaraju simbolima ciljnog jezika, pa se nazivaju terminalni simboli ili tokeni.

http://www.fesb.hr/~mateljan/cpp/slides05-sintaksa-izrazi-na...

3. Leksička analiza deli izvorni kod na male delove koji se zovu tokeni. Svaki token je atomična jedinica jezika, npr. ključna reč, identifikator ili ime simbola.

http://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-el/Компилатор

Tidza
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Local time: 12:24
Works in field
Native speaker of:

Bosnian,

Croatian

2 hrs confidence:

peer agreement (net): +5

tokeni vokala

Predrag Loncar
Serbia
Local time: 12:24
Native speaker of: Serbian
PRO pts in category: 4

Reference comments

2 hrs peer agreement (net): +1

Reference: tokeni vokala

Reference information:
According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,

The distinction between a type and its tokens is an ontological one between a general sort of thing and its particular concrete instances (to put it in an intuitive and preliminary way).

In linguistics (and in related speech and language research) the term token is used to refer to any single instance of some phenomenon or category that’s under investigation, and type is used for some category of which a token is a member.

Token : Something serving as a sign of something else

Allophone: (linguistics) any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme.

Specialty Definition: Allophone

In phonetics, an allophone is one of several similar speech sounds belonging to a phoneme. Each allophone is the form of the phoneme used in a specific context.

For example p as in pin and p as in spin are allophones in the English language. English treats these as the same, but they are different. The latter is unaspirated: it sounds a little more like the b of English. The preceding s is the usual context for the unaspirated allophone. Chinese treats them differently and the latter is written as b in pinyin: thus they are not allophones in Chinese.

The speakers of a language are not usually aware of allophonic differences: to them a p is a p. But take the unaspirated p out of context and they might hear it differently: a recording of spin with the s left out might be heard as bin by an English-speaker.

A phoneme itself is an abstract thing. Not all phonemes need have significantly different allophones, but there will always be minor differences in articulation from one piece of speech to the next. A phone is a sound that has a definite shape as a sound wave, and an allophone is a phone considered as a member of one phoneme. Speakers of a particular language perceive a phoneme as a single distinctive sound in that language.

"(...) there are at least three kinds of entities: phonemes, allophones as TYPES of variant phoneme realizations, and the infinitely many TOKENS instantiating these types (and thus also the relevant phoneme)."

Alofoni su TIPSKI razlicite fonemske varijante (tj. odredjen broj KATEGORIJA nacina izgovora pojedinog fonema), a "tokens" su sve potencijalne idiolekatske realizacije tj. INSTANCE alofona (dakle i fonema) - koje se dakle mogu podvesti pod odredjenu alofonsku varijantu, ali uvek predstavljaju njihovu idiolekatsku upotrebu. U ovom konkretnom slucaju, "advanced vowel tokens" se odnosi na ukupan broj svih eksperimentalno posmatranih uzoraka alofonskih varijanti kod svih govornika. * Alternativno, u "user-friendly" varijanti, "token" bi se u ovom slucaju moglo prevesti kao "uzorak" ili eventualno "lingvisticki uzorak".

Branko Bojanin
Ireland
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:

Serbian,

Croatian

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vowel tokens

Serbian translation: tokeni vokala

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