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مرققة و مفخمة

English translation: accentuated - deaccentuated

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
Arabic term or phrase:مرققة و مفخمة
English translation:accentuated - deaccentuated
Entered by: ahmed ismaiel owieda

16:57 Jun 13, 2004
Arabic to English translations [PRO]
Linguistics / Linguistics
Arabic term or phrase: مرققة و مفخمة
I am trying to explain how to pronounce some letters in Arabic, like "ط".
Mosama
Local time: 21:59
accentuated - deaccentuated
Explanation:
accentuated - deaccentuated
Selected response from:

ahmed ismaiel owieda
Egypt
Local time: 21:59
Grading comment
Graded automatically based on peer agreement.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
5 +2"dark" and light" sounds
Aisha Maniar
3 +2unvoiced and emphatic
tekki
5Smooth / Guttural
paleozon
5Melodious/Guttural
Aladdin
5thick and thin
Randa Farhat
1 +3accentuated - deaccentuated
ahmed ismaiel owieda
4followed by low and high vowels respectively
Hussam Mohammad
1feebled and stressed
Sabry Hameed


  

Answers


28 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 1/5Answerer confidence 1/5
مرققة و مفخمة
feebled and stressed


Explanation:
just a suggestion

Sabry Hameed
Egypt
Local time: 21:59
Native speaker of: Arabic
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20 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +2
مرققة و مفخمة
unvoiced and emphatic


Explanation:
Hope that helps!

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 43 mins (2004-06-13 17:40:45 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Phonetically, it is the mode of articulation of such letter as the \'ta\'. It is unvoiced or voiceless that is the vocal cords do not vibrate when it is pronounced; and it is emphatic, in other words its pronunciation involves some stress.


tekki
United States
Local time: 14:59
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: French

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Aisha Maniar: this is also possible
52 mins
  -> Shukran yaa Aisha!
agree  Nesrin: see also http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Arabic_language .
3 hrs
  -> Shukran yaa Nesrin
neutral  Alaa AHMED: emphatic "forceful" is OK, yet unvoiced is صامت
15 hrs
  -> In phonetics and specially for the phonem 'ta' given as example the mode of articulation is voiceless/ unvoiced because there is no vibration of the vocal cords and emphatic because of the degree of stress it involves. Thank you for your remarks!
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50 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 1/5Answerer confidence 1/5 peer agreement (net): +3
مرققة و مفخمة
accentuated - deaccentuated


Explanation:
accentuated - deaccentuated

ahmed ismaiel owieda
Egypt
Local time: 21:59
Native speaker of: Arabic
PRO pts in category: 4
Grading comment
Graded automatically based on peer agreement.

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Alaa AHMED: In my opinion, this is the nearest translation+emphatic. There are lots of inaccuracies in other inputs
14 hrs
  -> thanks so much
agree  msaleh
6 days
  -> thanks so much
agree  Ahmed Abou-Zeid
6 days
  -> thanks so much
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2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
مرققة و مفخمة
followed by low and high vowels respectively


Explanation:
The main difference between المفخمandالمرقق is that the former is followed by high vowels which are vowels in which the tongue is positioned high in the mouth and the lips are more or less rouned like "a" in dark,while for the latter, they are followed by low vowels like "e" in desk. For instance,"t" in "table" would correspond to ت while "t" in "task" would correspond to ط simply because of the vowels that follow. In teaching تجويد,"تفخيم" is said to be done by rounding and slightly protruding the lips[just as is the case with high vowels as "a" in "dark", or in "ball"], while ترقيق is done by making the lips flat and extended as in a smile [just as in low or middle vowels such as "a" in cat, or "e" in set].For more details about vowels, check simple phonetics books as "Better English Pronounciation", and for furthur explanation of تفخيم and ترقيق checkغاية المريد في علم التجويدor the Appendix in any مصحف

Hussam Mohammad
Egypt
Local time: 21:59
Native speaker of: Native in ArabicArabic

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
neutral  Nesrin: this distinction does not hold when the consonants are both followed by a "u" as in طول and توت or "i" as طين and تين
1 hr
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2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
مرققة و مفخمة
Smooth / Guttural


Explanation:
مفخمة
glottal
gravelly
thick
throaty
guttural
مرققة
smooth
soft
low
thin
honed


paleozon
Local time: 14:59
Native speaker of: Native in ArabicArabic, Native in FrenchFrench
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5 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
Melodious/Guttural


Explanation:
This one is used in Microsoft Encarta refrence library 2004.

Guttural: Sounds produced far back in the mouth and throat.

© 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.


Aladdin
Local time: 21:59
Native speaker of: Native in ArabicArabic
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37 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5 peer agreement (net): +2
مرققة و مفخمة
"dark" and light" sounds


Explanation:
When teaching Arabic, مرققة sounds are normally said to be "light" sounds and مفخمة is said to be "dark" sounds. That's the easy way (and the usual way) of explaining.
The more linguistic way of explaining it is "aspirated/velarised"(dark) and "non-aspirated/non-velarised"(light) sounds.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs 19 mins (2004-06-14 09:16:14 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

http://www.geocities.com/lameens/darja/phonemes.html
Many of these have a corresponding \'dark\' emphatic (Arabic mufaxxam مفخّم; technically pharyngealised or uvular.) The classes \'light\' (muraqqaq مرقّق), \'dark\' (mufaxxam مفخّم), \'aspirate\', and \'semivowel\' determine the nature of the nearest vowel (see below). The difference between the \'dark\' sounds and the \'light\' ones is a bit like the difference between the l\'s in lab (light) and ball (dark); the only good way to learn them is to listen to examples, which I\'m afraid I haven\'t provided yet here, but can now be found on my trial lessons page, which unfortunately uses a different, more English-like transcription...

Aisha Maniar
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 12

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Tamara Zahran: Exactly
6 hrs
  -> thank you Tamara
agree  AhmedAMS
7 days
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21 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
مرققة و مفخمة
thick and thin


Explanation:
in addition to the above answers, you could just simply explain

ط as a thick T
ص a thick S
ض a thick D
ظ a thick TH

with emphasis that these are independent letters not only ponounciations

Randa Farhat
Lebanon
Local time: 22:59
Native speaker of: Arabic
PRO pts in category: 24
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